Drossel Welf-Guntram, Ihlemann Jörn, Landgraf Ralf, Oelsch Erik, Schmidt Marek
Professorship Adaptronics and Lightweight Design in Production, Chemnitz University of Technology, Reichenhainer Straße 70, 09126 Chemnitz, Germany.
Fraunhofer Institute for Machine Tools and Forming Technology IWU, Reichenhainer Straße 88, 09126 Chemnitz, Germany.
Materials (Basel). 2021 Mar 10;14(6):1337. doi: 10.3390/ma14061337.
The current article proposes a concept for the additive manufacturing of rubber components using extrusion-based 3D printing, in which an additional medium is added to ensure the maintenance of shape within the elastomeric structure during the additive manufacturing process and in the subsequent vulcanization process. Specific requirements for the dimensional stabilization of the media were defined and suitable media were derived. Silicone rubber, molding sand, and plaster were examined in experimental vulcanization tests for their suitability as possible media with regard to shape retention. Selected rubber geometries made of NBR were embedded in these media to undergo the vulcanization process. The results show a significant influence of the media on the heating times. All media were able to ensure that the rubber geometries maintained their shape during vulcanization. Nevertheless, some side effects were found. The silicone rubber did not cure properly around the rubber sample. Therefore, it was difficult to remove it from the rubber after vulcanization. The molding sand caused an increased surface roughness on the rubber. Plaster changed the glossy surfaces at the beginning to a matte one after vulcanization and residuals were difficult to remove. However, all media can serve as stabilization media with specific changes.
本文提出了一种使用基于挤出的3D打印技术增材制造橡胶部件的概念，即在增材制造过程及后续硫化过程中添加一种额外介质，以确保弹性体结构内形状的维持。定义了介质尺寸稳定化的具体要求，并得出了适用的介质。对硅橡胶、型砂和石膏进行了实验硫化测试，以检验它们作为可能的介质在形状保持方面的适用性。将由丁腈橡胶制成的选定橡胶几何形状嵌入这些介质中进行硫化过程。结果表明，介质对加热时间有显著影响。所有介质都能够确保橡胶几何形状在硫化过程中保持其形状。然而，发现了一些副作用。硅橡胶在橡胶样品周围未完全固化。因此，硫化后很难将其从橡胶上移除。型砂导致橡胶表面粗糙度增加。石膏使硫化前的光滑表面变为哑光表面，且残留物难以去除。然而，经过特定改变后，所有介质都可作为稳定介质。
