Huamán-Castilla Nils Leander, Campos David, García-Ríos Diego, Parada Javier, Martínez-Cifuentes Maximiliano, Mariotti-Celis María Salomé, Pérez-Correa José Ricardo
Escuela de Ingeniería Agroindustrial, Universidad Nacional de Moquegua, Moquegua 18001, Peru.
Instituto de Biotecnología, Universidad Nacional Agraria la Molina, Lima 15026, Peru.
Antioxidants (Basel). 2021 Mar 17;10(3):472. doi: 10.3390/antiox10030472.
Grape pomace polyphenols inhibit Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus (T2DM)-related enzymes, reinforcing their sustainable recovery to be used as an alternative to the synthetic drug acarbose. Protic co-solvents (ethanol 15% and glycerol 15%) were evaluated in the hot pressurized liquid extraction (HPLE) of Carménère pomace at 90, 120, and 150 °C in order to obtain extracts rich in monomers and oligomers of procyanidins with high antioxidant capacities and inhibitory effects on α-amylase and α-glucosidase. The higher the HPLE temperature (from 90 °C to 150 °C) the higher the total polyphenol content (~79%, ~83%, and ~143% for water-ethanol, water-glycerol and pure water, respectively) and antioxidant capacity of the extracts (Oxygen Radical Absorbance Capacity, ORAC), increased by ~26%, 27% and 13%, while the half maximal inhibitory concentration (IC) decreased by ~65%, 67%, and 59% for water-ethanol, water-glycerol, and pure water extracts, respectively). Water-glycerol HPLE at 150 and 120 °C recovered the highest amounts of monomers (99, 421, and 112 µg/g dw of phenolic acids, flavanols, and flavonols, respectively) and dimers of procyanidins (65 and 87 µg/g dw of B1 and B2, respectively). At 90 °C, the water-ethanol mixture extracted the highest amounts of procyanidin trimers (13 and 49 µg/g dw of C1 and B2, respectively) and procyanidin tetramers of B2 di-O-gallate (13 µg/g dw). Among the Carménère pomace extracts analyzed in this study, 1000 µg/mL of the water-ethanol extract obtained, at 90 °C, reduced differentially the α-amylase (56%) and α-glucosidase (98%) activities. At the same concentration, acarbose inhibited 56% of α-amylase and 73% of α-glucosidase activities; thus, our grape HPLE extracts can be considered a good inhibitor compared to the synthetic drug.
葡萄皮渣多酚可抑制2型糖尿病（T2DM）相关酶，增强其可持续回收利用价值，以替代合成药物阿卡波糖。在90、120和150℃下，对卡门内尔葡萄皮渣进行热压液体萃取（HPLE）时，评估了质子共溶剂（15%乙醇和15%甘油），以获得富含原花青素单体和低聚物的提取物，这些提取物具有高抗氧化能力以及对α-淀粉酶和α-葡萄糖苷酶的抑制作用。HPLE温度越高（从90℃到150℃），提取物的总多酚含量越高（水-乙醇、水-甘油和纯水提取物分别约为79%、83%和143%），抗氧化能力（氧自由基吸收能力，ORAC）提高约26%、27%和13%，而水-乙醇、水-甘油和纯水提取物的半数最大抑制浓度（IC）分别降低约65%、67%和59%。150℃和120℃的水-甘油HPLE回收的单体含量最高（酚酸、黄烷醇和黄酮醇分别为99、421和112μg/g干重）以及原花青素二聚体含量最高（B1和B2分别为65和87μg/g干重）。在90℃时，水-乙醇混合物萃取的原花青素三聚体含量最高（C1和B2分别为13和49μg/g干重）以及B2二-O-没食子酸原花青素四聚体含量最高（13μg/g干重）。在本研究分析的卡门内尔葡萄皮渣提取物中，90℃下获得的1000μg/mL水-乙醇提取物对α-淀粉酶（56%）和α-葡萄糖苷酶（98%）活性有不同程度的降低。在相同浓度下，阿卡波糖抑制56%的α-淀粉酶活性和73%的α-葡萄糖苷酶活性；因此，与合成药物相比，我们的葡萄HPLE提取物可被视为一种良好的抑制剂。
