Mirghasemi Negin, Fanelli Elena, Jamali Salar, Sohani Mohammed Mehdi, De Luca Francesca
Plant Protection Department, Faculty of Agricultural Sciences, University of Guilan, Rasht 4199613769, Iran.
Istituto per la Protezione Sostenibile delle Piante (IPSP), Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche (CNR), S.S. Bari, Via G. Amendola 122/D, 70126 Bari, Italy.
Plants (Basel). 2021 Mar 17;10(3):568. doi: 10.3390/plants10030568.
is an important root-lesion nematode that causes damage to tea plantations in Iran and all over the world. The present study reports on the characterization and evolution of three ß-1,4-endoglucanase genes: -2, -3 and -4. The gene structure of -2 was fully determined with the predicted signal peptide and devoid of the linker domain and carbohydrate-binding domain, while -3 and -4 were only partially sequenced. The transcription of -2 was localized in the secretory esophageal glands of all life stages, but it was upregulated in male and female stages. The exon/intron structures of -2, -3 and -4 confirmed that they resulted from gene duplication followed by sequence and gene structure diversification with loss of the linker domain and carbohydrate-binding domain during evolution. A phylogenetic analysis further confirmed that nematode endoglucanases resulted from the horizontal gene transfer of a bacterial gene, as -3 showed sister relationships with the B cellulase of . Silencing -2 by in vitro RNA interference produced a 60% decrease of the transcript level. The reproductive ability of silenced showed a 35% reduction of eggs and larval stages compared to untreated nematodes, suggesting that this gene is involved in the early steps of invasion.
是一种重要的根际线虫，对伊朗及世界各地的茶园造成损害。本研究报道了三种β-1,4-内切葡聚糖酶基因（-2、-3和-4）的特征和进化。-2的基因结构已完全确定，具有预测的信号肽，无连接域和碳水化合物结合域，而-3和-4仅部分测序。-2的转录定位于所有生命阶段的分泌性食管腺中，但在雄性和雌性阶段上调。-2、-3和-4的外显子/内含子结构证实它们是基因复制的结果，随后在进化过程中发生序列和基因结构多样化，同时连接域和碳水化合物结合域丢失。系统发育分析进一步证实，线虫内切葡聚糖酶是由细菌基因水平转移产生的，因为-3与 的B纤维素酶表现出姐妹关系。通过体外RNA干扰沉默-2导致转录水平下降60%。与未处理的线虫相比，沉默后的生殖能力使卵和幼虫阶段减少了35%，表明该基因参与了入侵的早期步骤。
