Faculty of Sport and Health Sciences, University of Jyväskylä, 40014 Jyväskylä, Finland.
KIHU-Research Institute for Olympic Sports, 40101 Jyväskylä, Finland.
Int J Environ Res Public Health. 2021 Mar 1;18(5):2401. doi: 10.3390/ijerph18052401.
The purpose of the study was to examine the effects of progressively increased training intensity or volume on the nocturnal heart rate (HR) and heart rate variability (HRV), countermovement jump, perceived recovery, and heart rate-running speed index (HR-RS index). Another aim was to analyze how observed patterns during the training period in these monitoring variables were associated with the changes in endurance performance. Thirty recreationally trained participants performed a 10-week control period of regular training and a 10-week training period of either increased training intensity (INT, n = 13) or volume (VOL, n = 17). Changes in endurance performance were assessed by an incremental treadmill test. Both groups improved their maximal speed on the treadmill (INT 3.4 ± 3.2%, < 0.001; VOL 2.1 ± 1.8%, = 0.006). In the monitoring variables, only between-group difference ( = 0.013) was found in nocturnal HR, which decreased in INT ( = 0.016). In addition, perceived recovery decreased in VOL ( = 0.021) and tended to decrease in INT ( = 0.056). When all participants were divided into low-responders and responders in maximal running performance, the increase in the HR-RS index at the end of the training period was greater in responders ( = 0.005). In conclusion, current training periods of increased intensity or volume improved endurance performance to a similar extent. Countermovement jump and HRV remained unaffected, despite a slight decrease in perceived recovery. Long-term monitoring of the HR-RS index may help to predict positive adaptations, while interpretation of other recovery-related markers may need a more individualized approach.
本研究旨在探讨逐渐增加训练强度或量对夜间心率（HR）和心率变异性（HRV）、反跳式跳跃、主观恢复和心率-跑动速度指数（HR-RS 指数）的影响。另一个目的是分析这些监测变量在训练期间的观察模式如何与耐力表现的变化相关。30 名有经验的业余训练者进行了 10 周的常规训练控制期和 10 周的增加训练强度（INT，n = 13）或量（VOL，n = 17）的训练期。耐力表现的变化通过递增跑步机测试进行评估。两组的最大跑步机速度都有所提高（INT 3.4 ± 3.2%， < 0.001；VOL 2.1 ± 1.8%， = 0.006）。在监测变量中，只有夜间 HR 存在组间差异（ = 0.013），INT 组下降（ = 0.016）。此外，VOL 组的主观恢复下降（ = 0.021），INT 组则趋于下降（ = 0.056）。当所有参与者根据最大跑步表现分为低反应者和高反应者时，训练期末 HR-RS 指数的增加在高反应者中更大（ = 0.005）。总之，增加强度或量的当前训练期以相似的程度提高了耐力表现。反跳式跳跃和 HRV 保持不变，尽管主观恢复略有下降。长期监测 HR-RS 指数可能有助于预测积极的适应，而对其他与恢复相关的标志物的解释可能需要更个体化的方法。
