Bullard Brianna L, Weaver Eric A
Nebraska Center for Virology, School of Biological Sciences, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, NE 68504, USA.
Vaccines (Basel). 2021 Mar 13;9(3):257. doi: 10.3390/vaccines9030257.
Influenza virus has significant viral diversity, both through antigenic drift and shift, which makes development of a vaccine challenging. Current influenza vaccines are updated yearly to include strains predicted to circulate in the upcoming influenza season, however this can lead to a mismatch which reduces vaccine efficacy. Several strategies targeting the most abundant and immunogenic surface protein of influenza, the hemagglutinin (HA) protein, have been explored. These strategies include stalk-directed, consensus-based, and computationally derived HA immunogens. In this review, we explore vaccine strategies which utilize novel antigen design of the HA protein to improve cross-reactive immunity for development of a universal influenza vaccine.
流感病毒具有显著的病毒多样性，这是通过抗原漂移和抗原转换实现的，这使得疫苗的研发具有挑战性。目前的流感疫苗每年都会更新，以纳入预计在即将到来的流感季节流行的毒株，然而这可能会导致不匹配，从而降低疫苗效力。人们已经探索了几种针对流感最丰富且具有免疫原性的表面蛋白——血凝素（HA）蛋白的策略。这些策略包括针对HA茎部的、基于共识的以及通过计算得出的HA免疫原。在这篇综述中，我们探讨了利用HA蛋白的新型抗原设计来提高交叉反应性免疫，以开发通用流感疫苗的疫苗策略。
