SmartImmune Ltd, Accelerate Cambridge, University of Cambridge Judge Business School, Cambridge CB4 1EE, UK.
Laboratory of Molecular Cell Biology, Center for Cancer Research and Department of Medicine C, Sheba Medical Center, Tel Hashome 52621, Israel.
Int J Mol Sci. 2021 Mar 4;22(5):2553. doi: 10.3390/ijms22052553.
Personalised medicine is the future and hope for many patients, including those with cancers. Early detection, as well as rapid, well-selected treatment, are key factors leading to a good prognosis. MicroRNA mediated gene regulation is a promising area of development for new diagnostic and therapeutic methods, crucial for better prospects for patients. Bladder cancer is a frequent neoplasm, with high lethality and lacking modern, advanced therapeutic modalities, such as immunotherapy. MicroRNAs are involved in bladder cancer pathogenesis, proliferation, control and response to treatment, which we summarise in this perspective in response to lack of recent review publications in this field. We further performed a correlation-based analysis of microRNA and gene expression data in bladder cancer (BLCA) TCGA dataset. We identified 27 microRNAs hits with opposite expression profiles to genes involved in immune response in bladder cancer, and 24 microRNAs hits with similar expression profiles. We discuss previous studies linking the functions of these microRNAs to bladder cancer and assess if they are good candidates for personalised medicine therapeutics and diagnostics. The discussed functions include regulation of gene expression, interplay with transcription factors, response to treatment, apoptosis, cell proliferation and angiogenesis, initiation and development of cancer, genome instability and tumour-associated inflammatory reaction.
个性化医学是未来，也是许多患者的希望，包括癌症患者。早期发现以及快速、精选的治疗是导致良好预后的关键因素。microRNA 介导的基因调控是开发新的诊断和治疗方法的有前途的领域，对患者的前景至关重要。膀胱癌是一种常见的肿瘤，死亡率高，缺乏现代先进的治疗方法，如免疫疗法。microRNAs 参与膀胱癌的发病机制、增殖、控制和治疗反应，我们在这篇综述中总结了这方面的内容，以回应该领域最近缺乏综述出版物的情况。我们还对膀胱癌（BLCA）TCGA 数据集的 microRNA 和基因表达数据进行了基于相关性的分析。我们确定了 27 个 microRNA 靶点，它们的表达模式与膀胱癌中免疫反应相关基因的表达模式相反，还有 24 个 microRNA 靶点的表达模式相似。我们讨论了之前将这些 microRNAs 的功能与膀胱癌联系起来的研究，并评估它们是否是个性化医学治疗和诊断的候选者。讨论的功能包括基因表达调控、与转录因子的相互作用、对治疗的反应、细胞凋亡、细胞增殖和血管生成、癌症的发生和发展、基因组不稳定性和肿瘤相关炎症反应。
