Department of Kinesiology, California State University, San Bernardino, CA 92407, USA.
Fuqua School of Business, Duke University, Durham, NC 27708, USA.
Int J Environ Res Public Health. 2021 Mar 4;18(5):2549. doi: 10.3390/ijerph18052549.
The purpose of this study was to explore body image correlates of voluntary consumption of physique-salient media. A secondary aim was to assess changes in affect following media consumption. Young adult men ( = 47; mean age = 20.2 years) and women ( = 87; mean age = 19.5 years) were discretely exposed to images of same-sex models with idealized- and average-physiques while completing an irrelevant computer task. Voluntary gaze at the images was covertly recorded via hidden cameras. Participants also completed measures of affect before and after the computer task. Measures of body-related envy, body appreciation, and self-perceptions of attractiveness, thinness, and physical strength were completed. Men and women did not differ in how often nor for how long they looked at the images overall, but body image variables were differentially associated with their voluntary gaze behaviors. For men, higher body-related envy and lower body appreciation were correlated with more looks at the average-physique model. Although women reported higher body-related envy than men, envy and body appreciation were not significant correlates of gaze behaviors for women. Both men and women experienced a general affective decrease over time, but only for men was the change in negative affect associated with their time spent looking at the ideal-physique image. Overall, these findings suggest that body-related envy and body appreciation influence how men choose to consume physique-salient media, and that media consumption may have negative consequences for post-exposure affect. Body image factors appear to be more strongly associated with behavior in men, perhaps because men are generally less often exposed to physique-salient media and, in particular, to average-physique images.
这项研究的目的是探索自愿消费强调体型的媒体与体型意象相关的因素。次要目的是评估媒体消费后情感的变化。年轻成年男性（n=47；平均年龄=20.2 岁）和女性（n=87；平均年龄=19.5 岁）在完成一项不相关的电脑任务时，分别接触到理想化体型和平均体型的同性模特的图像。通过隐藏摄像头秘密记录自愿观看图像的行为。参与者还在电脑任务前后完成了情感测量。测量了与身体相关的嫉妒、身体欣赏以及对吸引力、苗条和身体力量的自我认知。男性和女性在观看图像的频率和时长上没有差异，但体型意象变量与他们的自愿凝视行为存在差异相关。对于男性，与平均体型模特相关的身体相关的嫉妒和身体欣赏程度较低与更多的注视次数相关。尽管女性报告的身体相关的嫉妒比男性高，但对于女性来说，嫉妒和身体欣赏并不是凝视行为的显著相关因素。男性和女性的整体情绪都随着时间的推移而下降，但只有男性的负面情绪变化与他们观看理想体型图像的时间有关。总的来说，这些发现表明，与身体相关的嫉妒和身体欣赏影响男性选择消费强调体型的媒体的方式，并且媒体消费可能对暴露后的情感产生负面影响。体型意象因素与男性的行为更密切相关，这也许是因为男性通常较少接触强调体型的媒体，尤其是平均体型的图像。
