Departamento de Desporto e Saúde, Escola de Saúde e Desenvolvimento Humano, Universidade de Évora, Largo dos Colegiais, 7000 Évora, Portugal.
Comprehensive Health Research Centre (CHRC), Universidade de Évora, Largo dos Colegiais, 7000 Évora, Portugal.
Int J Environ Res Public Health. 2021 Mar 30;18(7):3574. doi: 10.3390/ijerph18073574.
Exercise-induced improvements in the VOpeak of cardiac rehabilitation participants are well documented. However, optimal exercise intensity remains doubtful. This study aimed to identify the optimal exercise intensity and program length to improve VOpeak in patients with cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) following cardiac rehabilitation. Randomized controlled trials (RCTs) included a control group and at least one exercise group. RCTs assessed cardiorespiratory fitness (CRF) changes resulting from exercise interventions and reported exercise intensity, risk ratio, and confidence intervals (CIs). The primary outcome was CRF (VOpeak or VO at anaerobic threshold). Two hundred and twenty-one studies were found from the initial search (CENTRAL, MEDLINE, CINAHL and SPORTDiscus). Following inclusion criteria, 16 RCTs were considered. Meta-regression analyses revealed that VOpeak significantly increased in all intensity categories. Moderate-intensity interventions were associated with a moderate increase in relative VOpeak (SMD = 0.71 mL-kg-min; 95% CI = [0.27-1.15]; = 0.001) with moderate heterogeneity (I = 45%). Moderate-to-vigorous-intensity and vigorous-intensity interventions were associated with a large increase in relative VOpeak (SMD = 1.84 mL-kg-min; 95% CI = [1.18-2.50], < 0.001 and SMD = 1.80 mL-kg-min; 95% CI = [0.82-2.78] = 0.001, respectively), and were also highly heterogeneous with I values of 91% and 95% ( < 0.001), respectively. Moderate-to-vigorous and vigorous-intensity interventions, conducted for 6-12 weeks, were more effective at improving CVD patients' CRF.
运动诱导的心脏康复参与者的 VOpeak 改善得到了充分的证明。然而，最佳运动强度仍然存在疑问。本研究旨在确定最佳运动强度和方案长度，以改善心脏康复后心血管疾病（CVD）患者的 VOpeak。随机对照试验（RCT）包括对照组和至少一个运动组。RCT 评估了运动干预对心肺功能（CRF）变化的影响，并报告了运动强度、风险比和置信区间（CI）。主要结果是 CRF（VOpeak 或无氧阈时的 VO）。从最初的搜索中发现了 221 项研究（CENTRAL、MEDLINE、CINAHL 和 SPORTDiscus）。在符合纳入标准后，考虑了 16 项 RCT。荟萃回归分析显示，所有强度组的 VOpeak 均显著增加。中等强度干预与相对 VOpeak 的适度增加相关（SMD=0.71 mL-kg-min；95%CI=[0.27-1.15]；=0.001），具有中度异质性（I=45%）。中等至剧烈强度和剧烈强度干预与相对 VOpeak 的显著增加相关（SMD=1.84 mL-kg-min；95%CI=[1.18-2.50]， < 0.001 和 SMD=1.80 mL-kg-min；95%CI=[0.82-2.78]，=0.001），异质性也很高，分别为 91%和 95%（ < 0.001）。持续 6-12 周的中等至剧烈和剧烈强度干预更有效地改善 CVD 患者的 CRF。
