Gonçalves Catarina, Raimundo Armando, Abreu Ana, Pais João, Bravo Jorge
Departamento de Desporto e Saúde, Escola de Saúde e Desenvolvimento Humano, Universidade de Évora, 7000-727 Évora, Portugal.
Comprehensive Health Research Centre, 7002 - 554 Évora, Portugal.
Rev Cardiovasc Med. 2024 Mar 11;25(3):102. doi: 10.31083/j.rcm2503102. eCollection 2024 Mar.
Cardiac rehabilitation (CR) is essential in reducing cardiovascular mortality and morbidity. High-intensity interval training (HIIT) has emerged as a promising exercise intervention for enhancing clinical outcomes in cardiac patients. This study aimed to investigate the effects of two short-term exercise-based programs employing HIIT and moderate-intensity continuous training (MICT) in comparison to a control group concerning blood pressure, body composition, and blood biomarkers in patients diagnosed with coronary artery disease (CAD).
Seventy-two CAD patients (14% women) underwent randomization into three groups: HIIT, MICT, and control. The training programs encompassed six weeks of supervised treadmill exercises, conducted thrice weekly. MICT targeted 70-75% of peak heart rate (HRpeak), while HIIT was tailored to 85-95% of HRpeak. The control group received guidance on adopting healthy lifestyles. Outcome measurements included evaluations of blood pressure, body composition, and blood biomarkers.
In contrast to MICT, the HIIT exhibited superior improvements in body fat mass ( %HIIT: 4.5%, 0.001 vs. %MICT: 3.2%, 0.001), waist circumference ( %HIIT: 4.1%, = 0.002 vs. %MICT: 2.5%, = 0.002), hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c) ( %HIIT: 10.4%, 0.001 vs. %MICT: 32.3%, 0.001) and thyrotropin (TSH) ( %HIIT: 16.5%, = 0.007 vs. %MICT: 3.1%, = 0.201). Both HIIT and MICT induced significant enhancements across all variables compared to the control group.
HIIT and MICT emerged as effective modalities for enhancing systolic and diastolic function, body composition, and blood biomarkers in CAD patients, with HIIT demonstrating incremental improvements over MICT. The absence of participation in exercise-based programs following cardiovascular events yielded less favorable outcomes. HIIT holds promise as an adjunct intervention in CR programs for CAD patients.
心脏康复（CR）对于降低心血管疾病的死亡率和发病率至关重要。高强度间歇训练（HIIT）已成为一种有前景的运动干预方式，可改善心脏病患者的临床结局。本研究旨在调查与对照组相比，采用HIIT和中等强度持续训练（MICT）的两个短期运动项目对冠心病（CAD）患者血压、身体成分和血液生物标志物的影响。
72例CAD患者（14%为女性）被随机分为三组：HIIT组、MICT组和对照组。训练项目包括为期六周的有监督的跑步机运动，每周进行三次。MICT的目标心率为峰值心率（HRpeak）的70 - 75%，而HIIT的目标心率为HRpeak的85 - 95%。对照组接受关于采取健康生活方式的指导。结局测量包括血压、身体成分和血液生物标志物的评估。
与MICT相比，HIIT在体脂量（HIIT组：4.5%，P < 0.001 vs. MICT组：3.2%，P < 0.001）、腰围（HIIT组：4.1%，P = 0.002 vs. MICT组：2.5%，P = 0.002）、糖化血红蛋白（HbA1c）（HIIT组：10.4%，P < 0.001 vs. MICT组：32.3%，P < 0.001）和促甲状腺激素（TSH）（HIIT组：16.5%，P = 0.007 vs. MICT组：3.1%，P = 0.201）方面有更显著的改善。与对照组相比，HIIT和MICT在所有变量上均有显著改善。
HIIT和MICT是改善CAD患者收缩和舒张功能、身体成分及血液生物标志物的有效方式，且HIIT比MICT有更大的改善。心血管事件后未参与运动项目的患者结局较差。HIIT有望作为CAD患者CR项目的辅助干预措施。
