Benecke Laura, Coray Mali, Umbricht Sandra, Chiang Dapi, Figueiró Fabrício, Muller Laurent
Department of Biomedicine, University of Basel, 4051 Basel, Switzerland.
Department of Otolaryngology and Head & Neck Surgery, University Hospital Basel, 4051 Basel, Switzerland.
Int J Mol Sci. 2021 Mar 30;22(7):3600. doi: 10.3390/ijms22073600.
Glioblastomas are among the most aggressive tumors, and with low survival rates. They are characterized by the ability to create a highly immunosuppressive tumor microenvironment. Exosomes, small extracellular vesicles (EVs), mediate intercellular communication in the tumor microenvironment by transporting various biomolecules (RNA, DNA, proteins, and lipids), therefore playing a prominent role in tumor proliferation, differentiation, metastasis, and resistance to chemotherapy or radiation. Exosomes are found in all body fluids and can cross the blood-brain barrier due to their nanoscale size. Recent studies have highlighted the multiple influences of tumor-derived exosomes on immune cells. Owing to their structural and functional properties, exosomes can be an important instrument for gaining a better molecular understanding of tumors. Furthermore, they qualify not only as diagnostic and prognostic markers, but also as tools in therapies specifically targeting aggressive tumor cells, like glioblastomas.
胶质母细胞瘤是最具侵袭性的肿瘤之一，生存率很低。它们的特点是能够形成高度免疫抑制的肿瘤微环境。外泌体，即小细胞外囊泡（EVs），通过运输各种生物分子（RNA、DNA、蛋白质和脂质）介导肿瘤微环境中的细胞间通讯，因此在肿瘤增殖、分化、转移以及对化疗或放疗的抗性中发挥着重要作用。外泌体存在于所有体液中，由于其纳米级大小，能够穿过血脑屏障。最近的研究突出了肿瘤来源的外泌体对免疫细胞的多重影响。由于其结构和功能特性，外泌体可能成为更深入了解肿瘤分子机制的重要工具。此外，它们不仅有资格作为诊断和预后标志物，还可作为专门针对侵袭性肿瘤细胞（如胶质母细胞瘤）的治疗工具。
