Szczepańczyk Piotr, Szlachta Monika, Złocista-Szewczyk Natalia, Chłopek Jan, Pielichowska Kinga
Department of Biomaterials and Composites, Faculty of Materials Science and Ceramics, AGH University of Science and Technology, Al. Mickiewicza 30, 30-059 Kraków, Poland.
Polymers (Basel). 2021 Mar 19;13(6):946. doi: 10.3390/polym13060946.
To meet the needs of clinical medicine, bone tissue engineering is developing dynamically. Scaffolds for bone healing might be used as solid, preformed scaffolding materials, or through the injection of a solidifiable precursor into the defective tissue. There are miscellaneous biomaterials used to stimulate bone repair including ceramics, metals, naturally derived polymers, synthetic polymers, and other biocompatible substances. Combining ceramics and metals or polymers holds promise for future cures as the materials complement each other. Further research must explain the limitations of the size of the defects of each scaffold, and additionally, check the possibility of regeneration after implantation and resistance to disease. Before tissue engineering, a lot of bone defects were treated with autogenous bone grafts. Biodegradable polymers are widely applied as porous scaffolds in bone tissue engineering. The most valuable features of biodegradable polyurethanes are good biocompatibility, bioactivity, bioconductivity, and injectability. They may also be used as temporary extracellular matrix (ECM) in bone tissue healing and regeneration. Herein, the current state concerning polyurethanes in bone tissue engineering are discussed and introduced, as well as future trends.
为满足临床医学的需求，骨组织工程正在蓬勃发展。用于骨愈合的支架可以是固态的预制支架材料，也可以是通过将可固化前体注射到缺损组织中形成。有多种生物材料用于刺激骨修复，包括陶瓷、金属、天然衍生聚合物、合成聚合物以及其他生物相容性物质。将陶瓷与金属或聚合物结合有望实现未来的治疗，因为这些材料可以优势互补。进一步的研究必须阐明每种支架缺损尺寸的局限性，此外，还需检查植入后的再生可能性和抗病能力。在组织工程出现之前，许多骨缺损是用自体骨移植治疗的。可生物降解聚合物作为多孔支架在骨组织工程中得到广泛应用。可生物降解聚氨酯最有价值的特性是良好的生物相容性、生物活性、生物传导性和可注射性。它们还可以用作骨组织愈合和再生中的临时细胞外基质（ECM）。在此，将讨论并介绍骨组织工程中聚氨酯的当前状况以及未来趋势。
