Belteczki Zsuzsanna, Rihmer Zoltan, Rozsa Sandor, Ujvari Julia, Pompili Maurizio, Gonda Xenia, Dome Péter
First Department of Psychiatry, University Hospital of Szabolcs-Szatmár-Bereg County, 4320 Nagykallo, Hungary.
Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Semmelweis University, 1085 Budapest, Hungary.
Medicina (Kaunas). 2021 Mar 19;57(3):289. doi: 10.3390/medicina57030289.
The role of affective temperament in the genesis and outcome of major mood disorders is well studied, but there are only a few reports on the relationship between panic disorder (PD) and affective temperaments. Accordingly, we aimed to study the distribution of affective temperaments (depressive (DE); cyclothymic (CT); irritable (IRR); hyperthymic (HT) and anxious (ANX)) among outpatients with PD. Affective temperaments of 118 PD outpatients (80 females and 38 males) with or without agoraphobia but without any other psychiatric disorder at the time of inclusion were evaluated using the Temperament Evaluation of the Memphis, Pisa, Paris, and San Diego Autoquestionnaire (TEMPS-A) and compared with the affective temperament scores of control subjects. All patients were followed up for at least 1.5 years in order to detect the onset of any major affective disorders, substance use disorders and suicide attempts. Among females, the dominant ANX and DE temperaments were four and three times as common as in a large normative Hungarian sample (for both cases < 0.01). Among male PD patients, only the dominant DE temperament was slightly overrepresented in a non-significant manner. Females with PD obtained significantly higher scores on ANX, DE and CT subscales of the TEMPS-A, whereas males with PD showed significantly higher scores on ANX, DE and HT temperament subscales compared with the members of a large normative Hungarian sample and also with a gender- and age-matched control group. During the follow-up, newly developed unipolar major depression and bipolar spectrum (bipolar I or II and cyclothymic) disorders appeared in 64% and 22% of subjects, respectively. Our preliminary findings suggest that a specific, ANX-DE-CT affective temperament profile is characteristic primarily for female patients, and an ANX-DE-HT affective temperament profile is characteristic for male patients with PD, respectively. These findings are in line with expectations because PD is an anxiety disorder par excellence on the one hand, whereas, on the other hand, it is quite frequently comorbid with mood (including bipolar) disorders.
情感气质在重度心境障碍的发生及转归中的作用已得到充分研究，但关于惊恐障碍（PD）与情感气质之间关系的报道却很少。因此，我们旨在研究情感气质（抑郁型（DE）、环性心境型（CT）、易怒型（IRR）、情感高涨型（HT）和焦虑型（ANX））在PD门诊患者中的分布情况。使用孟菲斯、比萨、巴黎和圣地亚哥自动问卷气质评估量表（TEMPS - A）对118例PD门诊患者（80例女性和38例男性）的情感气质进行评估，这些患者在纳入研究时患有或未患有广场恐惧症，但无任何其他精神障碍，并将其与对照组受试者的情感气质得分进行比较。所有患者均接受了至少1.5年的随访，以检测任何重度情感障碍、物质使用障碍和自杀企图的发生情况。在女性中，占主导地位的ANX和DE气质的发生率分别是匈牙利一个大型正常样本的4倍和3倍（两种情况均P < 0.01）。在男性PD患者中，只有占主导地位的DE气质略有超比例，但差异无统计学意义。与匈牙利一个大型正常样本以及性别和年龄匹配的对照组相比，患有PD的女性在TEMPS - A的ANX、DE和CT分量表上得分显著更高，而患有PD的男性在ANX、DE和HT气质分量表上得分显著更高。在随访期间，新发生的单相重度抑郁症和双相谱系（双相I型或II型以及环性心境障碍）分别出现在64%和22%的受试者中。我们的初步研究结果表明，特定的ANX - DE - CT情感气质特征主要见于女性患者，而ANX - DE - HT情感气质特征则见于男性PD患者。这些发现符合预期，因为一方面PD是典型的焦虑症，另一方面，它又经常与心境（包括双相）障碍共病。
