Institute of Virology, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, 10117 Berlin, Germany.
Research Center of Biotechnology RAS, 119071 Moscow, Russia.
Viruses. 2021 Mar 12;13(3):474. doi: 10.3390/v13030474.
Human cytomegalovirus (HCMV), a member of the betaherpesvirinae, can cause life-threatening diseases. HCMV is globally widespread, with a seroprevalence in adults varying from 50 to 100%. HCMV infection is rarely of significant consequence in immunocompetent individuals. However, although immune control is efficient, it cannot achieve the clearance of the virus. HCMV persists lifelong in the infected host and reactivates in certain circumstances. In neonates and in immunocompromised adults, HCMV is a serious pathogen that can cause fatal organ damage. Different antiviral compounds alone or in combination have been used for the treatment of HCMV diseases. In clinical use, mutations in the viral DNA polymerase or the terminase confer resistance to ganciclovir, foscarnet, cidofovir, and letermovir. There is an urgent need to find new well-tolerated compounds supporting different modes of action. The list of novel small molecules that might have anti-HCMV activity has grown in recent years. In this short review, a selection of compounds in clinical trials and novel inhibitors targeting host-cell factors or viral proteins is presented, and their modes of action, described.
人类巨细胞病毒（HCMV）是β疱疹病毒亚科的一员，可导致危及生命的疾病。HCMV 在全球广泛传播，成年人的血清阳性率在 50%至 100%之间不等。在免疫功能正常的个体中，HCMV 感染很少产生重大影响。然而，尽管免疫控制有效，但它无法实现病毒的清除。HCMV 在受感染的宿主中终身存在，并在某些情况下重新激活。在新生儿和免疫功能低下的成年人中，HCMV 是一种严重的病原体，可导致致命的器官损伤。单独或联合使用不同的抗病毒化合物已被用于治疗 HCMV 疾病。在临床应用中，病毒 DNA 聚合酶或末端酶的突变赋予了对更昔洛韦、膦甲酸、西多福韦和缬更昔洛韦的耐药性。迫切需要找到新的、耐受性良好的化合物，以支持不同的作用模式。近年来，具有抗 HCMV 活性的新型小分子的清单有所增加。在这篇简短的综述中，介绍了一些正在临床试验中的化合物和针对宿主细胞因子或病毒蛋白的新型抑制剂，并描述了它们的作用模式。
