Boby Naila, Abbas Muhammad Aleem, Lee Eon-Bee, Im Zi-Eum, Hsu Walter H, Park Seung-Chun
Laboratory of Veterinary Pharmacokinetics and Pharmacodynamics, College of Veterinary Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41566, Korea.
Institute of Forest Resources Development, Gyeongsangbuk-do, Andong-si, Gyeongsangbuk-do 36605, Korea.
Antioxidants (Basel). 2021 Mar 12;10(3):439. doi: 10.3390/antiox10030439.
Maxim (Korean pear) has been used for hundreds of years as a traditional herbal medicine for asthma, cough, and atopic dermatitis in Korea and China. Although it was originally shown to possess anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, and antiatopic properties, its gastroprotective effects have not been investigated. In the present study, we evaluated the protective effects of Maxim extract (PUE) against ethanol-induced gastritis in rats. The bioactive compound profile of PUE was determined by gas chromatography mass spectroscopy (GC-MS) and high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). The gastroprotection of PUE at different doses (250 and 500 mg/kg body weight) prior to ethanol ingestion was evaluated using an in vivo gastritis rat model. Several endpoints were evaluated, including gastric mucosal lesions, cellular degeneration, intracellular damage, and immunohistochemical localization of leucocyte common antigen. The gastric mucosal injury and ulcer score were determined by evaluating the inflamed gastric mucosa and by histological examination. To identify the mechanisms of gastroprotection by PUE, antisecretory action and plasma prostaglandin E (PGE), gastric mucosal cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP), and histamine levels were measured. PUE exhibited significant antioxidant effects with IC values of 56.18 and 22.49 µg/mL for 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) and 2,2'- azino-di-(3-ethylbenzothiazoline)-6-sulfonic acid (ABTS) inhibition (%), respectively. In addition, GC/MS and HPLC analyses revealed several bioactive compounds of PUE. Pretreatment with PUE significantly ( < 0.05) decreased the ulcer index by preventing gastric mucosal lesions, erosion, and cellular degeneration. An immunohistochemical analysis revealed that PUE markedly attenuated leucocyte infiltration in a dose-dependent manner. The enhancement of PGE levels and attenuation of cAMP levels along with the inhibition of histamine release following PUE pretreatment was associated with the cytoprotective and healing effects of PUE. In contrast, the downregulation of the H/K ATPase pathway as well as muscarinic receptor (MR) and histamine receptor (HR) inhibition was also involved in the gastroprotective effects of PUE; however, the expression of cholecystokinin-2 receptors (CCKR) was unchanged. Finally, no signs of toxicity were observed following PUE treatment. Based on our results, we conclude that PUE represents an effective therapeutic option to reduce the risk of gastritis and warrants further study.
在韩国和中国，丰水梨（Maxim）作为治疗哮喘、咳嗽和特应性皮炎的传统草药已使用了数百年。尽管最初显示其具有抗炎、抗氧化和抗特应性特性，但其胃保护作用尚未得到研究。在本研究中，我们评估了丰水梨提取物（PUE）对大鼠乙醇诱导性胃炎的保护作用。通过气相色谱 - 质谱联用（GC - MS）和高效液相色谱（HPLC）测定了PUE的生物活性化合物谱。在乙醇摄入前，使用体内胃炎大鼠模型评估不同剂量（250和500mg/kg体重）的PUE的胃保护作用。评估了几个终点指标，包括胃黏膜损伤、细胞变性、细胞内损伤以及白细胞共同抗原的免疫组织化学定位。通过评估炎症胃黏膜和组织学检查确定胃黏膜损伤和溃疡评分。为了确定PUE胃保护的机制，测量了抗分泌作用以及血浆前列腺素E（PGE）、胃黏膜环磷酸腺苷（cAMP）和组胺水平。PUE表现出显著的抗氧化作用，对2,2 - 二苯基 - 1 - 苦基肼（DPPH）和2,2' - 偶氮 -二 -（3 - 乙基苯并噻唑啉）-6 - 磺酸（ABTS）抑制率（%）的IC值分别为56.18和22.49μg/mL。此外，GC/MS和HPLC分析揭示了PUE的几种生物活性化合物。PUE预处理通过预防胃黏膜损伤、糜烂和细胞变性显著（<0.05）降低溃疡指数。免疫组织化学分析显示，PUE以剂量依赖性方式显著减轻白细胞浸润。PUE预处理后PGE水平的升高和cAMP水平的降低以及组胺释放的抑制与PUE的细胞保护和愈合作用相关。相反，H/K ATP酶途径的下调以及毒蕈碱受体（MR）和组胺受体（HR）的抑制也参与了PUE的胃保护作用；然而，胆囊收缩素 - 2受体（CCKR）的表达未改变。最后，PUE治疗后未观察到毒性迹象。基于我们的结果，我们得出结论，PUE是降低胃炎风险的一种有效治疗选择，值得进一步研究。
