Arvalis-Institut du Végétal, Station Expérimentale, 91720 Boigneville, France.
Toxins (Basel). 2021 Mar 16;13(3):214. doi: 10.3390/toxins13030214.
The levels of fumonisins (FUMO)-mycotoxins produced by in maize for food and feed are subject to European Union regulations. Compliance with the regulations requires the targeting of, among others, the agroclimatic factors influencing fungal contamination and FUMO production. Arvalis-Institut du végétal has created a national, multiyear database for maize, based on field survey data collected since 2003. This database contains information about agricultural practices, climatic conditions and FUMO concentrations at harvest for 738 maize fields distributed throughout French maize-growing regions. A linear mixed model approach highlights the presence of borers and the use of a late variety, high temperatures in July and October, and a water deficit during the maize cycle as creating conditions favoring maize contamination with . It is thus possible to target a combination of risk factors, consisting of this climatic sequence associated with agricultural practices of interest. The effects of the various possible agroclimatic combinations can be compared, grouped and classified as promoting very low to high FUMO concentrations, possibly exceeding the regulatory threshold. These findings should facilitate the creation of a national, informative and easy-to-use prevention tool for producers and agricultural cooperatives to manage the sanitary quality of their harvest.
玉米作为食品和饲料中的真菌毒素——伏马菌素（FUMO）的含量受到欧盟法规的限制。遵守这些规定要求针对影响真菌污染和 FUMO 产生的农业气候因素等因素进行目标管理。法国瓦勒里植物研究所（Arvalis-Institut du végétal）基于 2003 年以来收集的田间调查数据，创建了一个全国性的、多年的玉米数据库。该数据库包含了 738 个玉米田的农业实践、气候条件和收获时 FUMO 浓度的信息，这些玉米田分布在法国玉米种植区。线性混合模型方法强调了蛀虫的存在以及使用晚熟品种、7 月和 10 月高温和玉米生长期间缺水等因素，这些因素为玉米受到污染创造了有利条件。因此，可以针对与感兴趣的农业实践相关的这种气候序列和一系列风险因素进行目标管理。可以比较和分类各种可能的农业气候组合的影响，将其归类为促进 FUMO 浓度非常低到高的因素，可能超过监管阈值。这些发现应该有助于为生产者和农业合作社创建一个全国性的、信息丰富且易于使用的预防工具，以管理其收获的卫生质量。
