Roucou Agathe, Bergez Christophe, Méléard Benoît, Orlando Béatrice
Arvalis-Institut du Végétal, Station Expérimentale, 91720 Boigneville, France.
Toxins (Basel). 2022 Jan 20;14(2):74. doi: 10.3390/toxins14020074.
The levels of deoxynivalenol (DON)-a mycotoxin produced by in maize for food and feed are subject to European Union regulations. Obtaining a compliant harvest requires the identification of agronomic and climatic risk factors related to higher fungal contamination and DON production. A national, multiyear database for maize was created, based on field survey data collected from 2004 to 2020. This database contains information about agricultural practices, climatic sequences and DON content at harvest for a total of 2032 maize fields localized in the French maize-growing regions. A linear mixed-model approach highlighted the presence of borers, late harvest and inadequate crop residue management, normal-to-cold temperatures in March, humidity in August and the absence of a hot end of the maize development cycle with a dry August as creating conditions favoring maize contamination with DON. The various possible associations between these risky climatic conditions and agricultural practices were compared, grouped and ranked as related to very low to high DON concentrations. Some combinations may even exceed the regulatory threshold. The national prevention tool, created for producers and agricultural cooperatives, is informative and easy-to-use to control the sanitary quality of their harvest.
脱氧雪腐镰刀菌烯醇（DON）是玉米中产生的一种霉菌毒素，用于食品和饲料的玉米中该毒素的含量受欧盟法规的限制。要获得符合标准的收成，需要识别与更高真菌污染和DON产生相关的农艺和气候风险因素。基于2004年至2020年收集的田间调查数据，创建了一个全国性的多年玉米数据库。该数据库包含了法国玉米种植区2032个玉米田的农业实践、气候序列和收获时DON含量的信息。线性混合模型方法强调，螟虫的存在、收获延迟和作物残茬管理不当、3月正常至寒冷的温度、8月的湿度以及玉米发育周期没有炎热末期且8月干燥，这些因素共同创造了有利于玉米被DON污染的条件。对这些危险气候条件与农业实践之间的各种可能关联进行了比较、分组并根据DON浓度从极低到极高进行了排序。有些组合甚至可能超过监管阈值。为生产者和农业合作社创建的国家预防工具信息丰富且易于使用，可用于控制其收成的卫生质量。
