Plant Production Department, Universidade Federal do Tocantins-Campus Gurupi, Gurupi, Tocantins 77402-970, Brazil.
Biotechnology Department, Universidade Federal do Tocantins-Campus Gurupi, Gurupi, Tocantins 77402-970, Brazil.
Toxins (Basel). 2019 Apr 10;11(4):215. doi: 10.3390/toxins11040215.
Fumonisins are mycotoxins (MTs) produced mainly by the fungus , the main pathogens of maize which cause ear rot. The aim of this work was to evaluate some factors that may lead to high fumonisin production by in maize grains, correlating the pathogen inoculation method with different genotypes grown in four Brazilian states. Experiments were conducted in 2015-2016 in maize crops from experimental maize fields located in four distinct states of Brazil. Results showed that contamination by fumonisin mycotoxins occurred even on symptomatic or asymptomatic grains. In all municipalities, the samples showed levels of fumonisin B1 that were higher than would be tolerable for the human consumption of corn products (the current tolerance limit for fumonisin is 1.5 μg g). High severity of grains infected with does not always show high concentrations of fumonisins. Environments with higher temperatures may influence the production of high concentrations of fumonisin in maize hybrids. Spray inoculation methods and inoculation at the center of spikes did not influence fumonisin concentrations. Results showed that the hybrids P3630H, P32R48 and P3250 presented higher disease severity, as well as higher mycotoxin levels in the studied locations with higher temperatures.
伏马菌素是一种真菌毒素（MTs），主要由真菌产生，是导致玉米穗腐病的主要病原菌。本工作的目的是评估一些可能导致玉米中伏马菌素高产的因素，将病原菌接种方法与在巴西四个州种植的不同基因型相关联。2015-2016 年在巴西四个不同州的实验玉米田进行了实验。结果表明，即使在有症状或无症状的玉米粒上，也会发生伏马菌素真菌毒素的污染。在所有城市，样品中伏马菌素 B1 的含量均高于人类食用玉米制品（目前伏马菌素的容忍限度为 1.5μg/g）所能容忍的水平。严重感染的玉米粒并不总是显示出高浓度的伏马菌素。温度较高的环境可能会影响玉米杂种中高浓度伏马菌素的产生。喷雾接种方法和穗中部接种对伏马菌素浓度没有影响。结果表明，在研究地点温度较高的情况下，杂种 P3630H、P32R48 和 P3250 表现出更高的病害严重程度，以及更高的真菌毒素水平。
