Kolling Institute, Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of Sydney, St. Leonards, NSW 2065, Australia.
Faculty of Medicine and Health, School of Medical Sciences, University of Sydney, Camperdown, NSW 2006, Australia.
Int J Mol Sci. 2021 Mar 16;22(6):3023. doi: 10.3390/ijms22063023.
Over the past two decades, mesenchymal stromal cells (MSCs) have demonstrated great potential in the treatment of inflammation-related conditions. Numerous early stage clinical trials have suggested that this treatment strategy has potential to lead to significant improvements in clinical outcomes. While promising, there remain substantial regulatory hurdles, safety concerns, and logistical issues that need to be addressed before cell-based treatments can have widespread clinical impact. These drawbacks, along with research aimed at elucidating the mechanisms by which MSCs exert their therapeutic effects, have inspired the development of extracellular vesicles (EVs) as anti-inflammatory therapeutic agents. The use of MSC-derived EVs for treating inflammation-related conditions has shown therapeutic potential in both in vitro and small animal studies. This review will explore the current research landscape pertaining to the use of MSC-derived EVs as anti-inflammatory and pro-regenerative agents in a range of inflammation-related conditions: osteoarthritis, rheumatoid arthritis, Alzheimer's disease, cardiovascular disease, and preeclampsia. Along with this, the mechanisms by which MSC-derived EVs exert their beneficial effects on the damaged or degenerative tissues will be reviewed, giving insight into their therapeutic potential. Challenges and future perspectives on the use of MSC-derived EVs for the treatment of inflammation-related conditions will be discussed.
在过去的二十年中，间充质基质细胞 (MSCs) 在治疗与炎症相关的疾病方面显示出了巨大的潜力。大量早期临床试验表明，这种治疗策略有可能导致临床结果的显著改善。虽然前景广阔，但仍存在大量监管障碍、安全问题和后勤问题，需要在细胞治疗具有广泛的临床影响之前解决。这些缺点以及旨在阐明 MSCs 发挥治疗作用的机制的研究，激发了将细胞外囊泡 (EVs) 作为抗炎治疗剂的开发。MSC 衍生的 EVs 用于治疗与炎症相关的疾病在体外和小动物研究中均显示出治疗潜力。这篇综述将探讨当前关于 MSC 衍生的 EVs 在一系列与炎症相关的疾病（骨关节炎、类风湿关节炎、阿尔茨海默病、心血管疾病和子痫前期）中作为抗炎和促再生剂的使用的研究现状。此外，还将回顾 MSC 衍生的 EVs 对受损或退化组织发挥有益作用的机制，深入了解其治疗潜力。还将讨论使用 MSC 衍生的 EVs 治疗与炎症相关的疾病的挑战和未来展望。
