Giovannini Lucrezia, Sabbatini-Peverieri Giuseppino, Tillman Patricia Glynn, Hoelmer Kim Alan, Roversi Pio Federico
CREA-Research Centre for Plant Protection and Certification, I-50125 Florence, Italy.
USDA-ARS-Southeast Watershed Research Unit, Tifton, GA 31793, USA.
Biology (Basel). 2021 Mar 16;10(3):229. doi: 10.3390/biology10030229.
(Hymenoptera: Pteromalidae) was described in 1988 from China, but recent findings in Europe and North America within the framework of (Hemiptera: Pentatomidae) biological control indicate a Holarctic distribution. The few records and fragmented information on are derived from generic observations of other species belonging to the same genus, and its biological and ethological traits are still completely unexplored. It was suspected to be a facultative or obligate hyperparasitoid of many egg parasitoid species (e.g., Scelionidae and Eupelmidae), especially those parasitizing Pentatomidae eggs. Laboratory colonies of were established from specimens collected in the field in Europe and the USA, which allowed us to investigate for the first time the life traits of this somewhat enigmatic species. Our studies confirmed the obligate hyperparasitoid hypothesis for species of Scelionidae but not of Eupelmidae. Laboratory studies revealed that is extremely selective in its host recognition as only the pupal stage of its host species is exploited for parasitization. Taking into consideration its hyperparasitoid habit, the adventive populations in Europe and North America may potentially be severe threats to pentatomid natural control as new components in the trophic chain of pentatomids and their parasitoid guilds.
（膜翅目：金小蜂科）于1988年在中国被描述，但近期在欧洲和北美的研究发现，在（半翅目：蝽科）生物防治框架内，其分布范围为全北区。关于该物种的记录和信息零散，均来自对同一属其他物种的一般观察，其生物学和行为学特征仍完全未被探索。它被怀疑是许多卵寄生蜂物种（如缘腹细蜂科和旋小蜂科）的兼性或专性重寄生蜂，尤其是那些寄生蝽科卵的物种。从欧洲和美国野外采集的标本中建立了该物种的实验室种群，这使我们首次能够研究这个有些神秘物种的生活特性。我们的研究证实了缘腹细蜂科物种的专性重寄生蜂假说，但旋小蜂科物种并非如此。实验室研究表明，该物种在宿主识别方面极具选择性，因为只有宿主物种的蛹期被用于寄生。考虑到其重寄生习性，欧洲和北美的外来该物种种群可能作为蝽科及其寄生蜂群落营养链中的新成分，对蝽科的自然控制构成严重威胁。
