Departamento de Genética Molecular y Microbiología, Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, Millennium Institute of Immunology and Immunotherapy, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago 8320000, Chile.
Sección de Biotecnología, Agencia Nacional de Dispositivos Médicos, Innovación y Desarrollo, Instituto de Salud Pública de Chile, Ñuñoa 7750000, Chile.
Viruses. 2021 Mar 22;13(3):519. doi: 10.3390/v13030519.
Human metapneumovirus (hMPV) is one of the main pathogens responsible for acute respiratory infections in children up to 5 years of age, contributing substantially to health burden. The worldwide economic and social impact of this virus is significant and must be addressed. The structural components of hMPV (either proteins or genetic material) can be detected by several receptors expressed by host cells through the engagement of pattern recognition receptors. The recognition of the structural components of hMPV can promote the signaling of the immune response to clear the infection, leading to the activation of several pathways, such as those related to the interferon response. Even so, several intrinsic factors are capable of modulating the immune response or directly inhibiting the replication of hMPV. This article will discuss the current knowledge regarding the innate and adaptive immune response during hMPV infections. Accordingly, the host intrinsic components capable of modulating the immune response and the elements capable of restricting viral replication during hMPV infections will be examined.
人偏肺病毒（hMPV）是导致 5 岁以下儿童急性呼吸道感染的主要病原体之一，对健康负担有重大影响。该病毒在全球范围内具有显著的经济和社会影响，必须加以解决。hMPV 的结构成分（蛋白或遗传物质）可以通过宿主细胞表达的几种受体来检测，这些受体通过模式识别受体的参与来识别。hMPV 结构成分的识别可以促进免疫反应信号的传递，以清除感染，从而激活几种途径，如与干扰素反应相关的途径。即便如此，有几个内在因素能够调节免疫反应或直接抑制 hMPV 的复制。本文将讨论目前关于 hMPV 感染期间固有和适应性免疫反应的知识。因此，将研究能够调节免疫反应的宿主内在成分和能够限制 hMPV 感染期间病毒复制的因素。
