Szypulska-Koziarska Dagmara, Misiakiewicz-Has Kamila, Wiszniewska Barbara
Department of Histology and Embryology, Pomeranian Medical University in Szczecin, Powstańców Wielkopolskich 72, 70-111 Szczecin, Poland.
Biology (Basel). 2021 Mar 26;10(4):271. doi: 10.3390/biology10040271.
The rising need for treatment of end stage of organ failure results in an increased number of graft recipients yearly. The most commonly transplanted organs are kidney, heart, liver, bone marrow, lung and skin. The procedure of transplantation saves and prolongs the lives of chronically ill patients or at least improves the quality. However, following transplantation recipients must take immunosuppressive drugs on a daily basis. Usually, the immunosuppressive therapy comprises two or three drugs from different groups, as the mechanism of their action varies. Although the benefits of intake of immunosuppressants is undeniable, numerous side effects are associated with them. To different extents, they are neurotoxic, nephrotoxic and may influence the function of the reproductive system. Nowadays, when infertility is an urgent problem even among healthy pairs, transplant recipients face the problem of disturbance in the hypothalamic-pituitary axis. This review will provide an overview of the most common disturbances among the concentration of sex-related hormones in recipients of both sexes at different ages, including sexually immature children, adults of reproductive age as well as elderly women and men. We have also focused on the numerous side effects of immunosuppressive therapy regarding function and morphology of reproductive organs both in males and females. The current review also presents the regimen of immunosuppressive therapy and time since transplantation.
对器官衰竭终末期治疗的需求不断增加，导致每年接受移植的患者数量增多。最常移植的器官是肾脏、心脏、肝脏、骨髓、肺和皮肤。移植手术挽救并延长了慢性病患者的生命，或至少提高了生活质量。然而，移植后患者必须每天服用免疫抑制药物。通常，免疫抑制疗法由两三种来自不同组别的药物组成，因为它们的作用机制各不相同。尽管服用免疫抑制剂的益处不可否认，但它们也有许多副作用。它们在不同程度上具有神经毒性、肾毒性，并且可能影响生殖系统的功能。如今，即使在健康夫妇中不孕也是一个紧迫的问题，移植受者面临下丘脑 - 垂体轴紊乱的问题。本综述将概述不同年龄段的男女移植受者中与性激素浓度相关的最常见紊乱情况，包括性未成熟儿童、育龄成年人以及老年女性和男性。我们还关注了免疫抑制疗法对男性和女性生殖器官功能和形态的众多副作用。本综述还介绍了免疫抑制疗法方案以及移植后的时间。
