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药物重定位筛选揭示了针对 SARS-CoV-2 的细胞类型特异性进入途径和已获 FDA 批准的药物。

Drug repurposing screens reveal cell-type-specific entry pathways and FDA-approved drugs active against SARS-Cov-2.

机构信息

Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA.

Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA.

出版信息

Cell Rep. 2021 Apr 6;35(1):108959. doi: 10.1016/j.celrep.2021.108959. Epub 2021 Mar 23.

Abstract

There is an urgent need for antivirals to treat the newly emerged severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2). To identify new candidates, we screen a repurposing library of ∼3,000 drugs. Screening in Vero cells finds few antivirals, while screening in human Huh7.5 cells validates 23 diverse antiviral drugs. Extending our studies to lung epithelial cells, we find that there are major differences in drug sensitivity and entry pathways used by SARS-CoV-2 in these cells. Entry in lung epithelial Calu-3 cells is pH independent and requires TMPRSS2, while entry in Vero and Huh7.5 cells requires low pH and triggering by acid-dependent endosomal proteases. Moreover, we find nine drugs are antiviral in respiratory cells, seven of which have been used in humans, and three are US Food and Drug Administration (FDA) approved, including cyclosporine. We find that the antiviral activity of cyclosporine is targeting Cyclophilin rather than calcineurin, revealing essential host targets that have the potential for rapid clinical implementation.

摘要

目前迫切需要抗病毒药物来治疗新出现的严重急性呼吸综合征冠状病毒 2(SARS-CoV-2)。为了寻找新的候选药物,我们筛选了约 3000 种药物的再利用文库。在 Vero 细胞中的筛选发现了很少的抗病毒药物,而在人 Huh7.5 细胞中的筛选则验证了 23 种不同的抗病毒药物。将我们的研究扩展到肺上皮细胞,我们发现这些细胞中 SARS-CoV-2 的药物敏感性和进入途径存在很大差异。在肺上皮细胞 Calu-3 中的进入是 pH 不依赖的,需要 TMPRSS2,而在 Vero 和 Huh7.5 细胞中的进入需要低 pH 值和酸依赖性内体蛋白酶的触发。此外,我们发现有 9 种药物在呼吸道细胞中具有抗病毒活性,其中 7 种已在人类中使用,3 种是美国食品和药物管理局(FDA)批准的,包括环孢素。我们发现环孢素的抗病毒活性是针对亲环素而不是钙调神经磷酸酶,这揭示了具有快速临床应用潜力的基本宿主靶标。

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