Preclinical evaluation of JAK1/2 inhibition by ruxolitinib in a murine model of chronic graft-versus-host disease.

The objective of this study was to examine the therapeutic effect of ruxolitinib, an orally administered selective Janus kinase (JAK) 1/2 inhibitor, on chronic graft-versus-host disease (cGVHD) using a murine model of sclerodermatous GVHD (scl-GVHD). Compared with scl-GVHD controls, ruxolitinib-treated recipients had scl-GVHD of significantly attenuated clinical and pathological severity in the skin and decreased frequencies of effector cells, CD4 T cells, and CD11b macrophage/monocytes. Regulatory CD4 Foxp3 T cells were expanded whereas interferon-γ (IFN-γ)-producing CD4 T cells were significantly decreased in ruxolitinib-treated recipients. Ruxolitinib suppressed not only the production of IFN-γ from CD4 T cells and monocyte chemoattractant protein 1 (MCP-1) from CD11b macrophage/monocytes, but also the proliferation of these cells in vitro. Levels of both cytokines (IFN-γ and MCP-1) were also reduced in the spleen and skin of ruxolitinib-treated recipients in vivo. IFN-γ-induced MCP-1 production and migration of RAW 264.7 cells, a macrophage cell line, were inhibited by ruxolitinib. However, supplementation with MCP-1 restored this effect of ruxolitinib. In addition, blocking JAK-STAT signaling using ruxolitinib reduced the activation of STAT1 in stimulated immune effector cells. Taken together, these results suggest that ruxolitinib can prevent scl-GVHD by suppressing IFN-γ produced by T cells and MCP-1 expression in macrophage/monocytes via inhibition of JAK-STAT signaling.