Department of Family and Community Medicine, Southern Illinois University School of Medicine, Carbondale, IL, 62901, USA.
Department of Psychology, The Pennsylvania State University, Philadelphia, PA, USA.
J Youth Adolesc. 2021 May;50(5):1017-1033. doi: 10.1007/s10964-021-01424-0. Epub 2021 Apr 3.
Pubertal timing may be influenced by typical variations in early family environmental events, but questions remain concerning the roles of specific parenting factors, developmental age of exposure to events, moderation by child temperament, and comparability of effects for girls and boys. This study focused on these questions utilizing longitudinal data from 733 same-sex twins (45% girls) in the U.S.; family context was measured at ages 1-3, 4-5, and 6-7 years and pubertal status was assessed annually via self-report at ages 9-15, enabling estimates of pubertal timing. Home environment at ages 4-5 years predicted pubertal timing better than home environment at other ages for both girls and boys, but parent personality was more predictive than home experiences (e.g., divorce, parental harshness, family conflict). Thus, effects of family environment must be considered within the context of parent characteristics, encouraging caution in implicating early environmental experiences as direct influences on early pubertal timing.
青春期启动的时间可能受到早期家庭环境事件的典型变化的影响，但仍存在一些问题，例如特定养育因素的作用、暴露于事件时的发育年龄、儿童气质的调节作用，以及女孩和男孩的影响的可比性。本研究利用美国 733 对同性双胞胎（45%为女孩）的纵向数据，重点研究了这些问题；家庭环境在 1-3 岁、4-5 岁和 6-7 岁时进行测量，青春期状态通过 9-15 岁的自我报告每年评估，从而可以估计青春期启动的时间。对于女孩和男孩，4-5 岁时的家庭环境比其他年龄段的家庭环境更能预测青春期启动的时间，但父母个性比家庭经历（例如离婚、父母严厉、家庭冲突）更具预测性。因此，在考虑父母特征的情况下，必须考虑家庭环境的影响，这就要求谨慎地将早期环境经历直接归因于青春期启动时间提前。
