Belsky Jay, Steinberg Laurence D, Houts Renate M, Friedman Sarah L, DeHart Ganie, Cauffman Elizabeth, Roisman Glenn I, Halpern-Felsher Bonnie L, Susman Elisabeth
Institute for the Study of Children, Families and Social Issues, Birkbeck University of London, UK.
Child Dev. 2007 Jul-Aug;78(4):1302-21. doi: 10.1111/j.1467-8624.2007.01067.x.
Two general evolutionary hypotheses were tested on 756 White children (397 girls) studied longitudinally: (1) rearing experiences would predict pubertal timing; and (2) children would prove differentially susceptible to rearing. Analysis of pubertal measurements, including some based on repeated physical assessments, showed that mothering and fathering, earlier and later in childhood, predicted pubertal development, but only for girls, with negative parenting appearing most influential; maternal harsh control predicted earlier menarche. Rearing effects varied by infant negative emotionality, proving stronger (and opposite) for girls who in infancy were lower rather than higher in negativity. Maternal menarche, controlled in all analyses, was a stronger predictor than rearing. Findings are discussed in terms of theory development, genetic and nutritional influences, and sample restrictions.
对756名接受纵向研究的白人儿童（397名女孩）检验了两种一般进化假说：（1）养育经历可预测青春期发育时间；（2）儿童对养育方式的易感性存在差异。对青春期测量指标的分析，包括一些基于多次体格检查的指标，结果显示，童年早期和晚期的母亲教养方式和父亲教养方式可预测青春期发育，但仅适用于女孩，负面教养方式似乎最具影响力；母亲的严厉控制预示着初潮提前。养育效果因婴儿的消极情绪性而异，对于婴儿期消极情绪较低而非较高的女孩，养育效果更强（且相反）。在所有分析中加以控制的母亲初潮，比养育方式更能预测青春期发育。将根据理论发展、遗传和营养影响以及样本限制来讨论研究结果。
