Retik A B, Keating M, Mandell J
Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts.
Urol Clin North Am. 1988 May;15(2):223-36.
Hypospadias is one of the more common and one of the most challenging problems in urologic surgery. The past two decades have ushered in an era of new operations and variations of older ones, which, when coupled with technical advancements and improvements in management, have redefined the aims of the surgeon, who now strives to create a "normal" penis with a minimum of complications. Minimization of complications is contingent on selection of an operation properly tailored to the individual's anatomy. To this end, the surgeon's armamentarium must include a variety of repairs and familiarity with the limitations and potential complications inherent in each. After describing the principles of surgical selection, technique, and postoperative management used in our institution, this article deals primarily with the avoidance and management of the immediate and long-term complications of hypospadias surgery.
尿道下裂是泌尿外科手术中较为常见且最具挑战性的问题之一。过去二十年迎来了新手术以及对传统手术改良的时代，再加上技术进步和管理改善，重新定义了外科医生的目标，如今外科医生致力于打造“正常”阴茎并尽量减少并发症。将并发症降至最低取决于选择适合个体解剖结构的手术。为此，外科医生的手术方法必须包括多种修复方式，并熟悉每种方式固有的局限性和潜在并发症。在描述了我们机构所采用的手术选择、技术及术后管理原则后，本文主要探讨尿道下裂手术近期和远期并发症的预防及处理。
