Egesa Walufu Ivan, Odoch Simon, Odong Richard Justin, Nakalema Gloria, Asiimwe Daniel, Ekuk Eddymond, Twesigemukama Sabinah, Turyasiima Munanura, Lokengama Rachel Kwambele, Waibi William Mugowa, Abdirashid Said, Kajoba Dickson, Kumbakulu Patrick Kumbowi
Department of Paediatrics and Child Health, Faculty of Clinical Medicine and Dentistry, Kampala International University, Uganda.
Department of Surgery, Faculty of Clinical Medicine and Dentistry, Kampala International University, Uganda.
Int J Pediatr. 2021 Mar 16;2021:6622598. doi: 10.1155/2021/6622598. eCollection 2021.
Germinal matrix-intraventricular hemorrhage (GM-IVH) is a common intracranial complication in preterm infants, especially those born before 32 weeks of gestation and very-low-birth-weight infants. Hemorrhage originates in the fragile capillary network of the subependymal germinal matrix of the developing brain and may disrupt the ependymal lining and progress into the lateral cerebral ventricle. GM-IVH is associated with increased mortality and abnormal neurodevelopmental outcomes such as posthemorrhagic hydrocephalus, cerebral palsy, epilepsy, severe cognitive impairment, and visual and hearing impairment. Most affected neonates are asymptomatic, and thus, diagnosis is usually made using real-time transfontanellar ultrasound. The present review provides a synopsis of the pathogenesis, grading, incidence, risk factors, and diagnosis of GM-IVH in preterm neonates. We explore brief literature related to outcomes, management interventions, and pharmacological and nonpharmacological prevention strategies for GM-IVH and posthemorrhagic hydrocephalus.
脑室周围-脑室内出血（GM-IVH）是早产儿常见的颅内并发症，尤其是孕周小于32周的早产儿和极低出生体重儿。出血起源于发育中大脑室管膜下生发基质脆弱的毛细血管网，可能破坏室管膜内衬并蔓延至侧脑室。GM-IVH与死亡率增加以及出血后脑积水、脑瘫、癫痫、严重认知障碍、视力和听力障碍等异常神经发育结局相关。大多数受影响的新生儿无症状，因此，通常使用实时经囟门超声进行诊断。本综述概述了早产儿GM-IVH的发病机制、分级、发病率、危险因素和诊断。我们探讨了与GM-IVH和出血后脑积水的结局、管理干预措施以及药物和非药物预防策略相关的简短文献。
