Department of Medical Lab Technology, College of Health and Medical Technology, Southern Technical University, Basrah, Iraq.
Pol J Microbiol. 2021 Mar;70(1):79-85. doi: 10.33073/pjm-2021-007. Epub 2021 Mar 19.
Methicillin-resistant (MRSA) is notorious as a hospital superbug and a problematic pathogen among communities. The incidence of MRSA has substantially increased over time in Iraq. The aim of this study was to determine the prevalence and types of MRSA isolates from outpatients or patients upon admission into hospitals. Various biochemical tests identified isolates, and then this identification was confirmed by PCR using species-specific 16S rRNA primer pairs. Antibiotic susceptibility was determined against methicillin, oxacillin, and vancomycin using the disk diffusion method. Vancomycin MIC was detected by VITEK 2 compact system. All the identified isolates were screened for the presence of and lukS-PV-lukF-PV genes; 36 of them were subjected to typing-based PCR. Out of 290 clinical samples, 65 (22.4%) were , of which 62 (95.4%) strains were resistant to oxacillin and methicillin. Except for two isolates, all MRSA isolates were positive. One of the three MSSA isolates was positive. Five strains were resistant to vancomycin. Fourteen (21.5%) isolates were positive for the presence of lukS-PV-lukF-PV genes. typing of 36 isolates revealed eleven different types, t304 (30.3%), t307 (19.4%), t346 (8.3%), t044 (8.3%), t15595 (8.3%), t386 (5.5%), t5475 (5.5%), t17928 (2.8%), t14870 (2.8%), t021 (2.8%), and t024 (2.8%). These findings could be useful for assessing the genetic relatedness of strains in the region for epidemiological and monitoring purposes, which would be essential to limiting the spread of MRSA.
耐甲氧西林金黄色葡萄球菌（MRSA）是一种臭名昭著的医院超级细菌，也是社区中存在的问题病原体。在伊拉克，MRSA 的发病率随着时间的推移大幅增加。本研究的目的是确定从门诊或住院患者中分离出的 MRSA 分离株的流行率和类型。各种生化试验鉴定了分离株，然后通过使用种特异性 16S rRNA 引物对的 PCR 来确认鉴定。使用纸片扩散法测定对甲氧西林、苯唑西林和万古霉素的药敏性。通过 VITEK 2 compact 系统检测万古霉素 MIC。所有鉴定的分离株均筛选 是否存在 和 lukS-PV-lukF-PV 基因；其中 36 株进行了基于 PCR 的 分型。在 290 份临床样本中，有 65 份（22.4%）为 阳性，其中 62 株（95.4%）对苯唑西林和甲氧西林耐药。除了两种分离株外，所有 MRSA 分离株均为 阳性。三种 MSSA 分离株中有一株为 阳性。有 5 株对万古霉素耐药。14 株（21.5%）分离株存在 lukS-PV-lukF-PV 基因。对 36 株分离株进行的 分型显示出 11 种不同的 型，t304（30.3%）、t307（19.4%）、t346（8.3%）、t044（8.3%）、t15595（8.3%）、t386（5.5%）、t5475（5.5%）、t17928（2.8%）、t14870（2.8%）、t021（2.8%）和 t024（2.8%）。这些发现对于评估该地区菌株的遗传相关性以用于流行病学和监测目的可能是有用的，这对于限制 MRSA 的传播至关重要。
