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苯甲酸的激进脱羧碳金属化:芳香族脱羧氟化的解决方案。

Radical Decarboxylative Carbometalation of Benzoic Acids: A Solution to Aromatic Decarboxylative Fluorination.

机构信息

Max-Planck-Institut für Kohlenforschung, Kaiser-Wilhelm Platz 1, D-45470 Mülheim an der Ruhr, Germany.

出版信息

J Am Chem Soc. 2021 Apr 14;143(14):5349-5354. doi: 10.1021/jacs.1c02490. Epub 2021 Apr 5.

Abstract

Abundant aromatic carboxylic acids exist in great structural diversity from nature and synthesis. To date, the synthetically valuable decarboxylative functionalization of benzoic acids is realized mainly by transition-metal-catalyzed decarboxylative cross couplings. However, the high activation barrier for thermal decarboxylative carbometalation that often requires 140 °C reaction temperature limits both the substrate scope as well as the scope of suitable reactions that can sustain such conditions. Numerous reactions, for example, decarboxylative fluorination that is well developed for aliphatic carboxylic acids, are out of reach for the aromatic counterparts with current reaction chemistry. Here, we report a conceptually different approach through a low-barrier photoinduced ligand to metal charge transfer (LMCT)-enabled radical decarboxylative carbometalation strategy, which generates a putative high-valent arylcopper(III) complex, from which versatile facile reductive eliminations can occur. We demonstrate the suitability of our new approach to address previously unrealized general decarboxylative fluorination of benzoic acids.

摘要

自然界和合成中存在大量结构多样的芳香羧酸。迄今为止,苯甲酸的合成上有价值的脱羧官能化主要是通过过渡金属催化的脱羧交叉偶联来实现。然而,热脱羧碳金属化的活化能垒很高,通常需要 140°C 的反应温度,这限制了底物的范围以及能够承受这种条件的合适反应的范围。许多反应,例如对于脂肪族羧酸发展良好的脱羧氟化反应,对于目前的反应化学来说,芳香族羧酸是无法实现的。在这里,我们通过一种低势垒的光诱导配体到金属电荷转移(LMCT)实现的自由基脱羧碳金属化策略报告了一种概念上不同的方法,该策略生成了一个假定的高价芳基铜(III)配合物,从中可以发生多种简便的还原消除反应。我们证明了我们的新方法适合解决以前无法实现的苯甲酸的一般脱羧氟化反应。

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