Department of Environmental Engineering, School of Environment & Natural Resources, Renmin University of China, Beijing, People's Republic of China.
Waste Manag Res. 2021 Sep;39(9):1135-1148. doi: 10.1177/0734242X211003968. Epub 2021 Apr 5.
This mini-review article summarizes the available technologies for the recycling of heavy metals (HMs) in municipal solid waste incineration (MSWI) fly ash (FA). Recovery technologies included thermal separation (TS), chemical extraction (CE), bioleaching, and electrochemical processes. The reaction conditions of various methods, the efficiency of recovering HMs from MSWI FA and the difficulties and solutions in the process of technical development were studied. Evaluation of each process has also been done to determine the best HM recycling method and future challenges. Results showed that while bioleaching had minimal environmental impact, the process was time-consuming. TS and CE were the most mature technologies, but the former process was not cost-effective. Overall, it has the greatest economic potential to recover metals by CE with scrubber liquid produced by a wet air pollution control system. An electrochemical process or solvent extraction could then be applied to recover HMs from the enriched leachate. Ongoing development of TS and bioleaching technologies could reduce the treatment cost or time.
这篇迷你综述文章总结了用于回收城市固体废物焚烧（MSWI）飞灰（FA）中重金属（HM）的现有技术。回收技术包括热分离（TS）、化学提取（CE）、生物浸出和电化学过程。研究了各种方法的反应条件、从 MSWI FA 中回收 HM 的效率以及技术发展过程中的困难和解决方案。还对每个过程进行了评估，以确定最佳的 HM 回收方法和未来的挑战。结果表明，虽然生物浸出对环境的影响最小，但该过程耗时较长。TS 和 CE 是最成熟的技术，但前者的工艺不具成本效益。总的来说，通过湿法空气污染物控制系统产生的洗涤液进行 CE 回收金属具有最大的经济潜力。然后可以应用电化学过程或溶剂萃取从富浸出液中回收 HM。TS 和生物浸出技术的持续发展可以降低处理成本或时间。
