School of Energy and Environmental Engineer, University of Science and Technology Beijing, 30 Xueyuan Road, Haidian District, Beijing 100083, China.
Chengdu Xingrong Renewable Energy Co. Ltd., Chengdu 610000, China.
Sci Total Environ. 2023 Sep 20;892:164451. doi: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.164451. Epub 2023 May 29.
Incineration is currently the most common method of treating municipal solid waste. Municipal solid waste incineration fly ash (MSWI FA) contains a high concentration of toxic heavy metals (HMs), making it a hazardous waste. A series of detoxification treatments are required to reduce the toxicity of fly ash. Furthermore, the environmental risk of MSWI FA after treatment is becoming a cause of concern. This paper reviews the primary ash properties, pH, liquid-solid ratio, and other factors (microorganism, type of leaching agents, etc.) that affect the leaching of HMs from MSWI FA, compares and summarizes the most widely applied solidification/stabilization (S/S) techniques. In particular, models and methods for the environmental risk assessment and prediction of HMs are classified and described in detail. Finally, the inadequacy of current S/S techniques for MSWI FA is pointed out, which may be useful for upcoming studies on this topic.
焚烧是目前处理城市固体废物最常用的方法。城市固体废物焚烧飞灰（MSWI FA）含有高浓度的有毒重金属（HMs），因此属于危险废物。需要进行一系列解毒处理以降低飞灰的毒性。此外，处理后的 MSWI FA 的环境风险正成为人们关注的一个问题。本文综述了影响 MSWI FA 中 HMs 浸出的主要灰分特性、pH 值、液固比以及其他因素（微生物、浸出剂类型等），比较并总结了最广泛应用的固化/稳定化（S/S）技术。特别是，对 HMs 环境风险评估和预测的模型和方法进行了分类和详细描述。最后，指出了当前 MSWI FA 的 S/S 技术的不足，这可能对该主题的未来研究有用。
