1990 年至 2018 年期间澳大利亚新南威尔士州新英格兰地区致倦库蚊属物种的时空分布。

Spatial and temporal distribution of Culicoides species in the New England region of New South Wales, Australia between 1990 and 2018.

机构信息

Animal Science, School of Environmental and Rural Science, University of New England, Armidale, New South Wales, Australia.

College of Veterinary Medicine, Haramaya University, Dire Dawa, Ethiopia.

出版信息

PLoS One. 2021 Apr 5;16(4):e0249468. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0249468. eCollection 2021.

DOI:10.1371/journal.pone.0249468

PMID:33819313

原文链接:https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC8021189/

Abstract

Culicoides are one of the smallest hematophagous flies measuring 1-5 mm in size with only females seeking blood for egg development. The present study investigated spatio-temporal distribution of Culicoides species trapped between 1990 and 2018 at 13 sites in the New England region of NSW, Australia using automated light traps. Trapping locations were divided into three subregions (tablelands, slopes and plains). Nineteen Culicoides species were identified. Culicoides marksi and C. austropalpalis were the most abundant and widespread species. Culicoides brevitarsis, the principal vector of livestock diseases in New South Wales comprised 2.9% of the total catch and was detected in 12 of the 13 locations in the study. Abundance as determined by Log10 Culicoides count per trapping event for the eight most abundant species did not vary significantly with season but trended towards higher counts in summer for C. marksi (P = 0.09) and C. austropalpalis (P = 0.05). Significant geographic variation in abundance was observed for C. marksi, C. austropalpalis and C. dycei with counts decreasing with increasing altitude from the plains to the slopes and tablelands. Culicoides victoriae exhibited the reverse trend in abundance (P = 0.08). Greater abundance during the warmer seasons and at lower altitudes for C. marksi and C. austropalpalis was indicative of temperature and rainfall dependence in this region with moderate summer dominance in rainfall. The Shannon-Wiener diversity index of species was higher on the tablelands (H = 1.59) than the slopes (H = 1.33) and plains (H = 1.08) with evenness indices of 0.62, 0.46 and 0.39 respectively. Culicoides species on the tablelands were more diverse than on the slopes and plains where C. marksi and C. austropalpalis dominated. The temporal and spatial variation in abundance, diversity and evenness of species reported in this diverse region of Australia provides additional insight into Culicoides as pests and disease vectors and may contribute to future modelling studies.

摘要

致蠓科是一种最小的吸血蝇，大小为 1-5 毫米，只有雌性为了卵的发育而吸血。本研究使用自动诱虫灯在澳大利亚新南威尔士州新英格兰地区的 13 个地点调查了 1990 年至 2018 年期间捕获的致蠓科物种的时空分布。捕蝇地点分为三个子区域（高原、山坡和平原）。共鉴定出 19 种致蠓科。致蠓马克西和致蠓澳新亚种是最丰富和分布最广的物种。新南威尔士州牲畜疾病的主要载体致蠓breviitarsis 占总捕获量的 2.9%，在研究中的 13 个地点中的 12 个地点都有检测到。通过对数 10 个捕获事件的致蠓计数来确定 8 种最丰富物种的丰度，其季节性差异不显著，但在夏季，致蠓马克西和致蠓澳新亚种的计数趋势较高（P=0.09 和 P=0.05）。致蠓马克西、致蠓澳新亚种和致蠓dycei 的丰度存在显著的地理差异，随着从平原到山坡和高原的海拔升高，丰度逐渐降低。致蠓维多利亚的丰度则呈现相反的趋势（P=0.08）。致蠓马克西和致蠓澳新亚种在温暖季节和低海拔地区的丰度较高，表明该地区的温度和降雨依赖性，降雨在夏季适度占主导地位。高原上的物种香农-威纳多样性指数较高（H=1.59），山坡上的指数较低（H=1.33），平原上的指数较低（H=1.08），均匀度指数分别为 0.62、0.46 和 0.39。高原上的致蠓科物种比山坡和平原上的更为多样，那里以致蠓马克西和致蠓澳新亚种为主。在澳大利亚这个多样化的地区，物种的丰度、多样性和均匀度的时空变化为致蠓作为害虫和疾病媒介提供了更多的见解，并可能有助于未来的建模研究。