Kettle D S, Edwards P B, Barnes A
Department of Entomology, University of Queensland, Australia.
Med Vet Entomol. 1998 Oct;12(4):367-77. doi: 10.1046/j.1365-2915.1998.00119.x.
Truck trap collections of Ceratopogonidae were made over a period of 27 months (November 1973-February 1976) at Tingalpa Creek, in southeast Queensland, Australia. Six collections were made on each of 95 days, giving 570 observations and a total of 29,378 Culicoides. Two collections were made before, one at, and three after sunset. Separate analyses were made of the catches of thirteen entities: male and female C. austropalpalis, C. brevitarsis, C. marksi, C. marmoratus and C. victoriae, female C. henryi and C. longior, and total C. bundyensis. Catches were dominated by C. brevitarsis (35.2%) and C. marmoratus (32.3%) and, with C. victoriae, were taken on almost every collecting day over all seasons. Sex ratios (M:F) varied from 0:100 for C. longior to 130:100 for C. marksi. Collections of all entities, except female C. henryi, were greatest (50-70% of the daily catch) at sunset. In winter there was substantial activity in the hour before sunset. Time of day was the most important variable, accounting for 15-45% of the observed variation. Between-day differences were significant for all except C. austropalpalis, C. victoriae and male C. marksi. Culicoides brevitarsis, C. bundyensis and C. longior had highly significant annual cycles, C. victoriae and female C. austropalpalis had significant lunar cycles, and C. longior had a significant tidal cycle. Logarithms of catches of female C. austropalpalis, C. brevitarsis, C. henryi, C. marmoratus, and female and male C. victoriae were inversely related to linear wind speed. Log catches of female C. austropalpalis, C. brevitarsis, C. marmoratus and C. victoriae, and male C. marksi and C. victoriae were positively related to temperature (quadratic).
在澳大利亚昆士兰州东南部的廷加尔帕溪，于1973年11月至1976年2月的27个月期间，使用诱虫车对蠓科昆虫进行了采集。在95天中的每一天都进行了6次采集，共获得570次观察结果，捕获的库蠓总数为29378只。日落前进行了2次采集，日落时进行了1次采集，日落后进行了3次采集。对13个分类单元的捕获情况进行了单独分析：雄性和雌性的澳大利亚库蠓、短跗库蠓、马克斯库蠓、大理石库蠓和维多利亚库蠓，雌性的亨利库蠓和长翅库蠓，以及邦迪库蠓的总数。捕获量以短跗库蠓（35.2%）和大理石库蠓（32.3%）为主，并且与维多利亚库蠓一起，在所有季节的几乎每个采集日都能捕获到。性别比（雄:雌）从长翅库蠓的0:100到马克斯库蠓的130:100不等。除雌性亨利库蠓外，所有分类单元的捕获量在日落时最大（占每日捕获量的50 - 70%）。冬季在日落前一小时有大量活动。一天中的时间是最重要的变量，占观察到的变异的15 - 45%。除澳大利亚库蠓、维多利亚库蠓和雄性马克斯库蠓外，所有分类单元在不同日期之间的差异都很显著。短跗库蠓、邦迪库蠓和长翅库蠓有高度显著的年度周期，维多利亚库蠓和雌性澳大利亚库蠓有显著的月周期，长翅库蠓有显著的潮汐周期。雌性澳大利亚库蠓、短跗库蠓、亨利库蠓、大理石库蠓以及雌性和雄性维多利亚库蠓的捕获量对数与线性风速呈负相关。雌性澳大利亚库蠓、短跗库蠓、大理石库蠓和维多利亚库蠓以及雄性马克斯库蠓和维多利亚库蠓的对数捕获量与温度呈正相关（二次关系）。
