Department of Translational Neurodegeneration, German Centre for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Munich 81377, Germany.
Medical Clinic and Polyclinic IV, Ludwig-Maximilians University Munich (LMU), Munich 80336, Germany.
Exp Neurol. 2021 Jul;341:113712. doi: 10.1016/j.expneurol.2021.113712. Epub 2021 Apr 2.
Acute brain injury (ABI) is a broad concept mainly comprised of sudden parenchymal brain injury. Acute brain injury outcomes are dependent not only on the severity of the primary injury, but the delayed secondary injury that subsequently follows as well. These are both taken into consideration when determining the patient's prognosis. Growing clinical and experimental evidence demonstrates that "preconditioning," a prophylactic approach in which the brain is exposed to various pre-injury stressors, can induce varying degrees of "tolerance" against the impact of the ABI by modulating neuroinflammation. In this review, we will summarize the pathophysiology of ABI, and discuss the involved mechanisms of neuroinflammation in ABI, as well as existing experimental and clinical studies demonstrating the efficacy of preconditioning methods in various types of ABI by modulating neuroinflammation.
急性脑损伤（ABI）是一个广泛的概念，主要包括突发性实质脑损伤。急性脑损伤的结果不仅取决于原发性损伤的严重程度，还取决于随后发生的继发性损伤。在确定患者的预后时，这两者都需要考虑在内。越来越多的临床和实验证据表明，“预处理”是一种预防性方法，通过使大脑暴露于各种损伤前的应激源，可以通过调节神经炎症来诱导对 ABI 影响的不同程度的“耐受”。在这篇综述中，我们将总结 ABI 的病理生理学，并讨论 ABI 中神经炎症的相关机制，以及现有的实验和临床研究表明，通过调节神经炎症，预处理方法在各种类型的 ABI 中的有效性。
