Clinical Research Development Unit, Ayatollah Kashani Hospital, Shahrekord University of Medical Sciences, Shahrekord, Iran.
Department of Biostatistics and Epidemiology, School of Health, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran.
Nutr Rev. 2022 Jan 10;80(2):242-254. doi: 10.1093/nutrit/nuab013.
Several epidemiological studies have investigated the association between a vegetarian diet and risk of depression, but because of inconsistency between studies, the exact association remains unclear.
In this systematic review and meta-analysis, the relationship between vegetarian diets and risk of depression in observational studies was evaluated.
The Medline, Embase, Scopus, ISI Web of Science, and Cochrane Library databases were searched from inception through September 1, 2020.
Observational studies were included that examined mean levels of depression and risk for depression in vegetarians compared with nonvegetarians.
Pooled effect sizes were estimated using the random-effects model and were reported as standardized mean differences or odds ratios (ORs) with their corresponding 95%CIs. Heterogeneity was tested using the I2 statistic.
Combining 9 effect sizes in this meta-analysis illustrated that adherence to a vegetarian diet was associated with a 53% greater risk of depression compared with that of omnivores (95%CI, 1.14-2.07; I2 = 69.1%). Subgroup analysis of depression risk suggested that results depended on the type of vegetarian diet and country where the study was conducted. For studies that assessed a semivegetarian diet (OR, 1.86; 95%CI, 1.42-2.44; I2 = 35.7%) and those conducted in Europe and the United States (OR, 1.45; 95%CI, 1.06-1.98; I2 = 73.2%), there was a positive association between a vegetarian diet and depression, but in lacto-ovo vegetarians and Asian countries, a null association was found. Comparing mean depression scores showed no evidence of difference between vegetarians and nonvegetarians (n = 16; standardized mean difference, 0.10; 95%CI, -0.01 to 0.21; I2 = 79.1%).
Vegetarian diet significantly increased depression risk; however, the findings were not robust, and more studies are required to investigate the vegetarian diet and depression association.
有几项流行病学研究调查了素食与抑郁风险之间的关系，但由于研究结果不一致，确切的关联仍不清楚。
在本系统评价和荟萃分析中，评估了观察性研究中素食与抑郁风险之间的关系。
从数据库建立到 2020 年 9 月 1 日，检索了 Medline、Embase、Scopus、ISI Web of Science 和 Cochrane 图书馆数据库。
纳入了比较素食者与非素食者之间抑郁程度和抑郁风险的观察性研究。
使用随机效应模型估计合并后的效应大小，并报告标准化均数差值或比值比（OR）及其相应的 95%置信区间（CI）。使用 I2 统计量检验异质性。
荟萃分析结合了 9 项效应大小，表明坚持素食与抑郁风险增加 53%相关（95%CI，1.14-2.07；I2 = 69.1%）。抑郁风险的亚组分析表明，结果取决于所研究的素食类型和进行研究的国家。对于评估半素食饮食的研究（OR，1.86；95%CI，1.42-2.44；I2 = 35.7%）和在欧洲和美国进行的研究（OR，1.45；95%CI，1.06-1.98；I2 = 73.2%），素食与抑郁之间存在正相关，但在乳蛋素食者和亚洲国家，未发现两者之间存在关联。比较平均抑郁评分，素食者和非素食者之间无差异（n = 16；标准化均数差值，0.10；95%CI，-0.01 至 0.21；I2 = 79.1%）。
素食显著增加了抑郁风险；然而，结果并不稳健，需要更多的研究来调查素食与抑郁的关系。
