GENUD (Growth, Exercise, NUtrition and Development) Research Group, Faculty of Health Sciences , University of Zaragoza, Zaragoza, Spain.
Instituto Agroalimentario de Aragón, Zaragoza, Spain.
Nutr Rev. 2021 Mar 9;79(4):361-381. doi: 10.1093/nutrit/nuaa030.
Vegetarian and vegan diets are increasing in popularity. Although they provide beneficial health effects, they may also lead to nutritional deficiencies. Cognitive impairment and mental health disorders have a high economic burden.
A meta-analysis was conducted to examine the relationship between vegan or vegetarian diets and cognitive and mental health.
PubMed, Scopus, ScienceDirect, and Proquest databases were examined from inception to July 2018.
Original observational or interventional human studies of vegan/vegetarian diets were selected independently by 2 authors.
Raw means and standard deviations were used as continuous outcomes, while numbers of events were used as categorical outcomes.
Of 1249 publications identified, 13 were included, with 17 809 individuals in total. No significant association was found between diet and the continuous depression score, stress, well-being, or cognitive impairment. Vegans/vegetarians were at increased risk for depression (odds ratio = 2.142; 95%CI, 1.105-4.148) and had lower anxiety scores (mean difference = -0.847; 95%CI, -1.677 to -0.018). Heterogeneity was large, and thus subgroup analyses showed numerous differences.
Vegan or vegetarian diets were related to a higher risk of depression and lower anxiety scores, but no differences for other outcomes were found. Subgroup analyses of anxiety showed a higher risk of anxiety, mainly in participants under 26 years of age and in studies with a higher quality. More studies with better overall quality are needed to make clear positive or negative associations.
PROSPERO registration no. CRD42018097204.
素食和纯素饮食越来越受欢迎。虽然它们对健康有益，但也可能导致营养缺乏。认知障碍和精神健康障碍的经济负担很高。
进行了一项荟萃分析，以研究纯素或素食饮食与认知和心理健康之间的关系。
从创建到 2018 年 7 月，在 PubMed、Scopus、ScienceDirect 和 Proquest 数据库中进行了检查。
独立地由 2 位作者选择了关于纯素/素食饮食的原始观察性或干预性人体研究。
原始均值和标准差用作连续结果，而事件数量用作分类结果。
在 1249 篇出版物中，有 13 篇被纳入，共有 17809 人。饮食与抑郁评分、压力、幸福感或认知障碍的连续评分之间没有显著关联。素食者患抑郁症的风险更高（优势比=2.142；95%CI，1.105-4.148），焦虑评分更低（平均差异=-0.847；95%CI，-1.677 至-0.018）。异质性很大，因此亚组分析显示出许多差异。
素食或纯素饮食与更高的抑郁风险和更低的焦虑评分相关，但其他结果没有差异。焦虑的亚组分析显示，焦虑风险更高，主要发生在 26 岁以下的参与者和质量较高的研究中。需要更多总体质量更好的研究来明确积极或消极的关联。
PROSPERO 注册号 CRD42018097204。
