Singh Ranjay K, Singh Anshuman, Ksherchokpa Lobsang, Rallen Orik, Taniang Bamang, Lego Yanung J, Padung Egul, Kumar Arvind, Tag Hui, Mauerhofer Volker
College of Horticulture and Forestry, Central Agricultural University, Pasighat, Arunachal Pradesh, 791102, India.
ICAR-Central Soil Salinity Research Institute, Karnal, Haryana, 132001, India.
Environ Manage. 2021 Jul;68(1):17-37. doi: 10.1007/s00267-021-01462-1. Epub 2021 Apr 6.
Bioculturally significant plants, which have played a key role in sustaining the livelihoods of tribal communities of Arunachal Pradesh, India, are facing threats from changing land use patterns, climatic aberrations and socioeconomic stressors. This study highlights two unique grassroots approaches to conserving these species and their associated cultural knowledge within the traditional land use systems of Arunachal Pradesh: Community Knowledge Gardens (CKGs) and Clan Reserve Forests (CRFs). Four CKGs and one CRF, transformed from existing traditional land use systems, were investigated in three socio-ecologically diverse landscapes of Nyishi, Adi and Monpa communities. Study participants, including both men and women, played an active role in devising locally compatible criteria and protocols for strengthening the conservation of key plant species within their traditional land use systems, through CKG and CRF approaches. A total of 86 plant species, conserved through the CKGs and 44 from the Adi CRF, were identified as having high food, ethnomedicinal and cultural values. The Shannon-Weaver index of richness of plant species conserved was highest in the Nyishi CKG, with a value of 38; while for Adi and Monpa it was 30 and 18, respectively. The pattern of Shannon-Weaver diversity index was in the order of 2.91, 2.64 and 2.63, respectively for the CKGs of these three communities. In comparison to individual CKGs, relatively higher species diversity (3.18) was found in the Adi CRF. Increased sharing of traditional knowledge among the community members, regular incomes and equitable sharing of the tangible and intangible benefits of using plant species were identified as important success indicators of the CKGs and CRF. In addition to providing valuable insights on biocultural knowledge and enabling the participants to strengthen their existing local land use practices for conserving valued plant biodiversity, the study outcomes have the potential to inform and strengthen the policies on environmental sustainability.
对印度阿鲁纳恰尔邦部落社区的生计维持起着关键作用的具有生物文化意义的植物，正面临着土地利用模式变化、气候异常和社会经济压力因素带来的威胁。本研究强调了在阿鲁纳恰尔邦传统土地利用系统内保护这些物种及其相关文化知识的两种独特的基层方法：社区知识花园（CKGs）和氏族保留林（CRFs）。在尼西、阿迪和门巴社区的三个社会生态多样的景观中，对四个从现有传统土地利用系统转变而来的社区知识花园和一个氏族保留林进行了调查。包括男性和女性在内的研究参与者，通过社区知识花园和氏族保留林方法，在制定当地适用的标准和协议以加强其传统土地利用系统内关键植物物种的保护方面发挥了积极作用。通过社区知识花园保护的86种植物和阿迪氏族保留林的44种植物被确定具有很高的食物、民族药用和文化价值。所保护植物物种丰富度的香农 - 韦弗指数在尼西社区知识花园中最高，为38；而阿迪和门巴社区分别为30和18。这三个社区的社区知识花园的香农 - 韦弗多样性指数模式分别为2.91、2.64和2.63。与单个社区知识花园相比，在阿迪氏族保留林中发现了相对较高的物种多样性（3.18）。社区成员之间传统知识共享的增加、定期收入以及使用植物物种的有形和无形利益的公平分享被确定为社区知识花园和氏族保留林的重要成功指标。除了提供关于生物文化知识的宝贵见解并使参与者能够加强其现有的当地土地利用实践以保护有价值的植物生物多样性外，研究结果还可能为环境可持续性政策提供信息并加强这些政策。
