Departamento de Zootecnia, Escola de Veterinária, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais 30161-970, Brazil.
Empresa Brasileira de Pesquisa Agropecuária - Embrapa Gado de Leite, Juiz de Fora, Minas Gerais, 36038-330, Brazil.
J Anim Sci. 2021 May 1;99(5). doi: 10.1093/jas/skab107.
The aim of this study was to identify possible effects of different vaccination strategies (concomitantly or not) against brucellosis and clostridia on intake, performance, feeding behavior, blood parameters, and immune responses of dairy heifers calves. Fifty heifers calves were enrolled [38 Gyr (Zebu, Bos taurus indicus) and 12 5/8 Holstein × Gyr]. At 120 d of age, animals were randomly distributed among 3 groups: B (n = 18), vaccinated against brucellosis; C (n = 14), vaccinated against clostridia and CB (n = 18), vaccinated concomitantly for both. Rectal and thermographic temperatures were evaluated on days -1, 0, 1, 2, 3, 5, 7,10, 14, and 28 relatives to the vaccination day. Feed and water intake, body weight (BW), and feeding behavior were monitored daily by an electronic feeding system. Blood was sampled on days 0, 3, 7, 14, and 28, relative to the vaccination day for determination of glucose and β -hydroxybutyrate (BHBA) concentrations. Blood sampled on day 0 (prevaccination) and on days 28 and 42 were used to evaluate the immune response against Brucella abortus and clostridia. There was an increase in rectal temperature between the first and the third day postvaccination in the 3 groups. The thermography revealed an increase of local temperature for 7 d on groups B and CB. Group C had increased local temperature for a longer period, lasting for up to 14 d. Dry mater intake was reduced for groups B and CB, but no alteration was observed for group C. No alterations regarding initial BW, final BW, average daily weight gain, and feed efficiency were observed. No differences were observed for the 3 vaccination groups for blood parameters throughout the evaluation period. The concomitant vaccination against brucellosis and clostridia led to lower neutralizing antibody titers against epsilon toxin of Clostridium perfringens and botulinum toxin type C of C. botulinum (C > CB > B). When cellular proliferation assay and serological tests to B. abortus were evaluated, no differences were observed between groups B and CB. The present results indicate that the concomitant vaccination against brucellosis and clostridia has no relevant impact on the intake, performance, and feeding behavior of dairy calves. However, the concomitant vaccination of vaccines against these 2 pathogens impacts animal immunity against clostridial infections.
本研究旨在确定针对布鲁氏菌病和梭菌的不同疫苗接种策略（同时或不同时）对奶牛犊牛的采食量、性能、采食行为、血液参数和免疫反应的可能影响。将 50 头奶牛犊牛（38 头 Gyr（Zebu，Bos taurus indicus）和 12 头 5/8 荷斯坦牛×Gyr）纳入研究。在 120 日龄时，动物随机分为 3 组：B 组（n = 18），接种布鲁氏菌病疫苗；C 组（n = 14），接种梭菌疫苗；CB 组（n = 18），同时接种两种疫苗。在接种日之前的第-1、0、1、2、3、5、7、10、14 和 28 天，评估直肠和热成像温度。通过电子饲养系统每天监测采食量、水摄入量、体重（BW）和采食行为。在接种日的第 0、3、7、14 和 28 天采血，测定血糖和β-羟丁酸（BHBA）浓度。在接种前（第 0 天）和第 28 天和第 42 天采血，评估针对布鲁氏菌病和梭菌的免疫反应。三组动物在接种后第 1 天至第 3 天之间直肠温度升高。热成像显示 B 组和 CB 组的局部温度升高持续 7 天。C 组的局部温度升高持续时间较长，长达 14 天。B 组和 CB 组的干物质摄入量减少，但 C 组没有变化。在整个评估期间，三组接种疫苗的动物在初始 BW、最终 BW、平均日增重和饲料效率方面没有差异。三组接种疫苗的动物在整个评估期间的血液参数均无差异。同时接种布鲁氏菌病和梭菌疫苗会降低抗产气荚膜梭菌ε毒素和 C 型肉毒梭菌毒素的中和抗体滴度（C > CB > B）。当评估针对布鲁氏菌病的细胞增殖试验和血清学检测时，B 组和 CB 组之间没有差异。本研究结果表明，同时接种布鲁氏菌病和梭菌疫苗对奶牛犊牛的采食量、性能和采食行为没有明显影响。然而，同时接种针对这两种病原体的疫苗会影响动物对梭菌感染的免疫力。
