Air Quality Processes Research Section, Environment Canada and Climate Change, Toronto, Ontario, M3H 5T4, Canada; Metabolomics and Systems Biology, Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine Siriraj Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok, 10700, Thailand; Siriraj Metabolomics and Phenomics Center, Faculty of Medicine Siriraj Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok, 10700, Thailand.
Air Quality Processes Research Section, Environment Canada and Climate Change, Toronto, Ontario, M3H 5T4, Canada.
Environ Pollut. 2021 Aug 1;282:117014. doi: 10.1016/j.envpol.2021.117014. Epub 2021 Mar 24.
Summer intensive air measurements of alkylated polycyclic aromatic compounds (Alk-PACs), nitrated polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (NPAHs), and oxygenated polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (OPAHs) was conducted during the summer of 2013 at an air monitoring site near the community of Fort McKay in the Athabasca oil sands region (AOSR). This study uses the ambient air measurements in conjunction with supplementary meteorological and air quality data from coordinated ground- and aircraft-based sampling over the same period to characterize diurnal variations and changes in the organic air pollutant profiles associated with the plume episodes. Principal component analysis showed a distinct PAC profile during plume episodes, driven mainly by higher fluorenone (FLO) and 9,10-anthraquinone (ANQ) concentrations. During the plume episodes (August 23-24), means of NPAHs and OPAHs concentrations were 120 and 2020 pg/m, respectively, which were 2.7 and 2.5 times higher than those measured on the other days, while Alk-PACs did not reach maxima. The relative constancy of Alk-PACs during the plume episodes and baseline air quality periods likely reflects a continuous and broad emission of Alk-PACs from the oil sands mining activities. Only four OPAHs, including FLO, ANQ, benzo(a)fluorenone, and benzanthrone, exhibited higher average daytime than nighttime concentrations (p-value < 0.05). Categorizing air samples into clean and polluted conditions demonstrated that the polluted condition air samples were characterized by higher percent composition of alkylated fluorenes, FLO, MANQ, and photochemically-derived 1M4NN. A comparison of PAC profiles in air samples and oil sand ore samples suggests that the NPAHs were likely influenced by atmospheric formation while the OPAHs were impacted by a combination of primary sources and atmospheric formation. The strong correlations found between a number of NPAHs and OPAHs, and PM and NO in this study could support the modelling of ambient air burdens of these compounds across the region.
2013 年夏季，在阿萨巴斯卡油砂区（AOSR）的 Fort McKay 社区附近的一个空气监测点进行了烷基化多环芳烃（Alk-PACs）、硝化多环芳烃（NPAHs）和含氧多环芳烃（OPAHs）的夏季强化空气测量。本研究利用同期地面和飞机协同采样的补充气象和空气质量数据，结合环境空气测量结果，对与羽流事件相关的有机空气污染物谱的日变化和变化进行了描述。主成分分析显示，在羽流事件期间存在明显的 PAC 分布特征，主要由较高的芴酮（FLO）和 9,10-蒽醌（ANQ）浓度驱动。在羽流事件期间（8 月 23 日至 24 日），NPAHs 和 OPAHs 的平均浓度分别为 120 和 2020 pg/m，分别是其他日子的 2.7 和 2.5 倍，而 Alk-PACs 没有达到最大值。在羽流事件和基线空气质量期间 Alk-PACs 的相对恒定可能反映了油砂开采活动持续广泛的 Alk-PACs 排放。只有四种 OPAHs，包括 FLO、ANQ、苯并芴酮和苯并蒽酮，表现出较高的白天比夜间浓度（p 值<0.05）。将空气样本分类为清洁和污染条件表明，污染条件下的空气样本具有较高的烷基化芴、FLO、MANQ 和光化学衍生的 1M4NN 的百分比组成。空气样本和油砂矿石样本中 PAC 分布的比较表明，NPAHs 可能受到大气形成的影响，而 OPAHs 则受到原始来源和大气形成的综合影响。本研究中发现许多 NPAHs 和 OPAHs 与 PM 和 NO 之间存在很强的相关性，这支持了在该区域模拟这些化合物的环境空气负荷。
