Milam Adam J, Furr-Holden C Debra M, Nesoff Elizabeth D, Trangenstein Pamela J
Division of Public Health, College of Human Medicine, Michigan State University, Flint, Michigan.
Department of Mental Health, Bloomberg School of Public Health, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland.
J Stud Alcohol Drugs. 2021 Mar;82(2):219-227. doi: 10.15288/jsad.2021.82.219.
In June 2012, Baltimore City, MD, enacted legislation (commonly referred to as the Mosby Bill) prohibiting all liquor stores (outlets that primarily sell alcoholic beverages) from selling "any food, goods, wares, supplies, or other merchandise to any person under the age of 18." Three years after enactment, we evaluated the impact of this legislation on non-alcohol product sales among youth.
Research assistants (RAs) ages 16-20 were trained in using a standardized observational tool to quantify and record characteristics of the outlets, including products sold. A trained pair comprising one RA age 16 to 20 and one RA exactly age 18 were sent into every liquor store (i.e., packaged goods stores and bar/taverns with packaged goods sales) in Baltimore to conduct the assessment and make a non-alcohol purchase. Since the research was not conducted in concert with the police, the 18-year-old RA made the purchase attempt while the other (age 16 to 20) RA completed the assessment.
Purchase attempts were made at 502 liquor stores, and 352 of those attempts were successful (able to make purchase without being asked for identification or age; noncompliance rate = 68.1%). Noncompliance was highest among packaged goods stores compared with bar/taverns, and in neighborhoods with a lower median household income and a higher proportion of African American residents (p < .050). Noncompliant outlets were also located closer to public schools (p < .050).
This evaluation demonstrates that, in the absence of enforcement, ordinances are neither likely to be honored nor to achieve the intended public health benefits.
2012年6月，马里兰州巴尔的摩市颁布了一项立法（通常称为《莫斯比法案》），禁止所有酒类商店（主要销售酒精饮料的店铺）向“任何18岁以下的人出售‘任何食品、商品、货物、用品或其他商品’”。该立法颁布三年后，我们评估了这项立法对青少年非酒精产品销售的影响。
对年龄在16 - 20岁的研究助理（RAs）进行培训，使其使用标准化观察工具来量化和记录店铺的特征，包括所售产品。每两名经过培训的人员组成一组，其中一名年龄在16至20岁，另一名恰好为18岁，他们被派往巴尔的摩的每家酒类商店（即包装商品店以及有包装商品销售的酒吧/酒馆）进行评估并进行一次非酒精产品购买。由于该研究并非与警方协同进行，因此由18岁的研究助理进行购买尝试，而另一名（16至20岁）研究助理完成评估。
在502家酒类商店进行了购买尝试，其中352次尝试成功（能够在未被要求出示身份证件或询问年龄的情况下完成购买；违规率 = 68.1%）。与酒吧/酒馆相比，包装商品店的违规率最高，在家庭收入中位数较低且非裔美国居民比例较高的社区也是如此（p < 0.050）。违规店铺距离公立学校也更近（p < 0.050）。
该评估表明，在缺乏执法的情况下，条例既不太可能得到遵守，也不太可能实现预期的公共卫生效益。
