Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, USA.
Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, East Lansing, MI, USA.
Prev Sci. 2019 Aug;20(6):833-843. doi: 10.1007/s11121-018-0947-9.
The oversaturation of alcohol outlets can have disastrous public health consequences. The goal of this study was to evaluate the potential impact of new zoning legislation, TransForm Baltimore on locations of alcohol outlets. More specifically, the study sought to determine the effect of the new zoning code on the potential redistribution of alcohol outlets and also provide empirical support for the need to actively monitor redistribution of outlets to avoid further inequitable oversaturation in disadvantaged neighborhoods. Data on off-premise alcohol outlets (e.g., packaged goods stores) were obtained from the Board of Liquor License Commissioners for Baltimore City. The alcohol outlets were geocoded and assigned to zoning parcels. Churches and schools were also geocoded. The alcohol outlets were also assigned to census tracts to calculate socioeconomic statuses. One hundred seventy-two of the 263 off-premise packaged goods stores (PGS) were in violation of the new zoning law. TransForm will reduce the land parcels available to alcohol outlets by 27.2%. Areas containing non-conforming PGS were more likely to have a higher percentage of Black residents, single parent-families, unemployment, household poverty, and vacancy compared to Baltimore City averages and areas without non-conforming PGS. Planning enforcement efforts need to accompany related laws to prevent/reduce overconcentration of PGS in disadvantaged neighborhoods.
酒精销售点过度饱和会对公共健康造成灾难性后果。本研究旨在评估巴尔的摩市新分区法规 TransForm Baltimore 对酒精销售点位置的潜在影响。更具体地说，该研究旨在确定新分区法规对潜在的酒精销售点重新分布的影响，并为积极监测销售点的重新分布以避免弱势社区进一步过度饱和提供实证支持。非现场酒精销售点（例如，包装食品商店）的数据来自巴尔的摩市酒类许可证委员会。酒精销售点进行了地理编码并分配到分区包裹中。教堂和学校也进行了地理编码。酒精销售点还被分配到人口普查区，以计算社会经济地位。263 家非现场包装食品商店 (PGS) 中有 172 家违反了新的分区法。Transform 将减少可供酒精销售点使用的土地面积 27.2%。与巴尔的摩市平均值和没有非合规 PGS 的地区相比，包含不合规 PGS 的地区更有可能拥有更高比例的黑人群体、单亲家庭、失业、家庭贫困和空缺率。规划执法工作需要伴随相关法律，以防止/减少弱势社区中 PGS 的过度集中。
