Department of Applied Psychology and Human Development, Ontario Institute for Studies in Education, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.
J Stud Alcohol Drugs. 2021 Mar;82(2):228-236.
Research has documented the relationship between attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) and increased cannabis use, but the studies largely rely on cross-sectional or longitudinal designs. Few studies have examined the impact of recent (i.e., past 6 months) ADHD symptoms on more proximal cannabis-related factors. The purpose of the current study was to examine the relationship between cannabis use motives (coping, boredom, and sleep) and consequences and the impact of ADHD symptoms on these relationships.
Participants were 62 emerging adults (ages 19-25 years; M = 22.12, SD = 2.07; 60% male) who used cannabis regularly (two or more times in the past 2 weeks) and completed a screener assessing past-6-months ADHD symptoms at baseline followed by 14 daily reports on cannabis use, consequences, and motives.
Across the 14 days, cannabis consequences were higher for participants with greater past-6-months symptoms of ADHD. In addition, on days when participants used cannabis for boredom and on days when they used cannabis for sleep, cannabis consequences were higher. Although greater past-6-months ADHD symptoms were associated with more consequences on days when sleep motives were endorsed, contrary to hypotheses, the strength of this relationship was greater on days when sleep motives were not endorsed. Overall, greater daily consequences for those with higher ADHD symptoms may reflect exacerbation of these symptoms, and follow-up analyses revealed that the cannabis consequences associated with higher ADHD scores were indeed ones that overlap with ADHD symptoms.
The results suggest that ADHD symptoms, along with sleep and boredom motives, contribute to increased daily cannabis consequences and should be considered in developing interventions for emerging adults.
研究记录了注意力缺陷/多动障碍（ADHD）与大麻使用增加之间的关系，但这些研究在很大程度上依赖于横断面或纵向设计。很少有研究检查近期（即过去 6 个月）ADHD 症状对更接近大麻相关因素的影响。本研究的目的是检验大麻使用动机（应对、无聊和睡眠）与后果之间的关系，以及 ADHD 症状对这些关系的影响。
参与者为 62 名成年早期（19-25 岁；M=22.12，SD=2.07；60%为男性），经常使用大麻（过去 2 周内使用过两次或两次以上），并在基线时完成了一项筛查，评估过去 6 个月的 ADHD 症状，然后在接下来的 14 天内每天报告大麻使用、后果和动机。
在 14 天内，过去 6 个月 ADHD 症状较重的参与者大麻后果较高。此外，参与者在使用大麻应对无聊和使用大麻助眠的日子里，大麻后果更高。尽管过去 6 个月 ADHD 症状较重与更多的症状相关，但与假设相反，这种关系的强度在没有睡眠动机的日子里更大。总体而言，对于 ADHD 症状较高的人来说，更高的每日后果可能反映了这些症状的恶化，后续分析表明，与较高 ADHD 评分相关的大麻后果确实与 ADHD 症状重叠。
研究结果表明，ADHD 症状以及睡眠和无聊动机，会导致日常大麻使用后果增加，在为成年早期人群制定干预措施时应予以考虑。
