Peter Boris Centre for Addiction Research, McMaster University & St. Joseph's Health Care Hamilton, 100 West 5th Street, Hamilton, ON, L8P 3R2, Canada.
Michael G. DeGroote Centre for Medicinal Cannabis Research, McMaster University & St. Joseph's Health Care Hamilton, Hamilton, ON, Canada.
Psychopharmacology (Berl). 2021 Jul;238(7):1753-1763. doi: 10.1007/s00213-021-05781-3. Epub 2021 Feb 27.
There is increasing interest in and evidence for the negative impacts of cannabis use in cognitive performance and symptoms of attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), with age of first cannabis use as a potential amplifier of these associations. However, the existing literature is inconsistent, which may be due to methodological limitations, including small sample sizes.
To examine current cannabis use and age of first cannabis use in relation to neurocognitive task performance and ADHD symptoms in a large sample of binge-drinking young adults.
Participants were young adults (N=730, M age=21.44, 52.6% female) assessed for current cannabis use, neurocognitive task performance, and ADHD symptoms. Three-group ANCOVAs compared individuals reporting frequent (daily/multiple times daily), occasional (weekly/monthly), or no cannabis use.
Covarying alcohol use, tobacco use, age, sex, income, and education, daily cannabis users exhibited significantly more impulsive delay discounting and hyperactive-impulsive ADHD symptoms compared to both other groups. However, cannabis use was not associated with inattentive ADHD symptoms, verbal intelligence, working memory, probability discounting, short-term verbal memory, or behavioral inhibition. Age of initiation of cannabis use exhibited neither main effects nor interactions in relation to any domains of cognitive performance or ADHD symptomatology.
The current findings provide support for a link between cannabis use in relation to immediate reward preference and symptoms of hyperactive-impulsive ADHD in young adults, but only among frequent users. No other neurocognitive domains exhibited associations with cannabis and age of first use was neither independently nor interactively associated with cognitive outcomes.
人们对大麻使用对认知表现和注意力缺陷多动障碍（ADHD）症状的负面影响的兴趣日益增加，并且有证据表明这一点，首次使用大麻的年龄可能是这些关联的潜在增强因素。然而，现有文献并不一致，这可能是由于方法学上的限制，包括样本量小。
在大量酗酒的年轻成年人中，检查当前的大麻使用情况和首次使用大麻的年龄与神经认知任务表现和 ADHD 症状的关系。
参与者为年轻成年人（N=730，M 年龄=21.44，52.6%为女性），评估其当前大麻使用情况、神经认知任务表现和 ADHD 症状。三组协方差分析比较了报告频繁（每日/多次每日）、偶尔（每周/每月）或无大麻使用的个体。
在控制酒精使用、烟草使用、年龄、性别、收入和教育程度后，每日使用大麻的人表现出明显更多的冲动延迟折扣和多动冲动 ADHD 症状，与其他两组相比。然而，大麻使用与注意力不集中的 ADHD 症状、言语智力、工作记忆、概率折扣、短期言语记忆或行为抑制无关。大麻使用的起始年龄既没有表现出主要影响，也没有表现出与认知表现或 ADHD 症状的任何领域的交互作用。
目前的研究结果支持大麻使用与即时奖励偏好之间的联系，以及年轻人中多动冲动型 ADHD 症状之间的联系，但仅限于频繁使用者。没有其他神经认知领域与大麻有关，并且首次使用大麻的年龄与认知结果既没有独立作用，也没有交互作用。
