School of Psychology, The University of Auckland.
Psychol Sci. 2021 May;32(5):646-654. doi: 10.1177/0956797620979149. Epub 2021 Apr 7.
Jealousy may have evolved to protect valuable social bonds from interlopers, but some researchers have suggested that it is linked to self-awareness and theory of mind, leading to claims that it is unique to humans. We presented dogs ( = 18; 11 females; age: = 4.6 years, = 1.9) with situations in which they could observe an out-of-sight social interaction between their owner and a fake dog or between their owner and a fleece cylinder. We found evidence for three signatures of jealous behavior in dogs: (a) Jealousy emerged only when the dog's owner interacted with a perceived social rival, (b) it occurred as a consequence of that interaction and not because of the mere presence of a conspecific, and (c) it emerged even for an out-of-sight interaction between the dog's owner and a social rival. These results support claims that dogs display jealous behavior, and they provide the first evidence that dogs can mentally represent jealousy-inducing social interactions.
嫉妒可能是为了保护有价值的社会关系不受干扰者的侵害而进化而来的，但一些研究人员认为，它与自我意识和心理理论有关，因此有人声称它是人类所独有的。我们给狗（= 18；11 只雌性；年龄：= 4.6 岁，= 1.9）提供了一些情境，让它们观察主人与假狗或主人与羊毛圆筒之间看不见的社交互动。我们在狗身上发现了嫉妒行为的三个特征的证据：（a）只有当狗的主人与感知到的社会竞争对手互动时，才会出现嫉妒；（b）它是这种互动的结果，而不是仅仅因为有同一种属的存在；（c）即使是主人和社会竞争对手之间看不见的互动，也会出现嫉妒。这些结果支持了狗表现出嫉妒行为的说法，并首次提供了狗能够在心理上代表引起嫉妒的社交互动的证据。
