Liao Haiyan, Yi Jinyao, Cai Sainan, Shen Qin, Liu Qinru, Zhang Lin, Li Junli, Mao Zhenni, Wang Tianyu, Zi Yuheng, Wang Min, Liu Siyu, Liu Jun, Wang Chunyu, Zhu Xiongzhao, Tan Changlian
Department of Radiology, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China.
Medical Psychological Center, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China.
Front Neurosci. 2021 Mar 22;15:638554. doi: 10.3389/fnins.2021.638554. eCollection 2021.
Depression induces an early onset of Parkinson's disease (PD), aggravates dyskinesia and cognitive impairment, and accelerates disease progression. However, it is very difficult to identify and diagnose PD with depression (PDD) in the early clinical stage. Few studies have suggested that the changes in neural networks are associated with PDD, while degree centrality (DC) has been documented to be effective in detecting brain network changes.
The objectives of this study are to explore DC changes between patients with PDD and without depression (PDND) and to find the key brain hubs involved with depression in PD patients.
One hundred and four PD patients and 54 healthy controls (HCs) underwent brain resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging. The Data Processing and Analysis of Brain Imaging and Resting-State Functional Magnetic Resonance Data Analysis Toolkit were used for processing and statistical analysis. The DC value of each frequency band was calculated. One-way analysis of variance and a two-sample -test for comparison were used to compare the differences of the DC values in different frequency bands among PDD, PDND, and healthy control group. Gaussian random field was used for multiple comparison correction. Pearson correlation analysis was performed between each individual's DC map and clinical indicators.
The DC value of different brain regions changed in PDD and PDND in different frequency bands. The prefrontal lobe, limbic system, and basal ganglia were the main brain regions involved. PDD patients showed a wider range and more abnormal brain areas in the slow-4 frequency band (0.027-0.073 Hz) compared to the HCs. PDD showed a decreased DC value in the medial frontal gyrus, bilateral cuneus gyrus, right lingual gyrus, bilateral supplementary motor area (SMA), bilateral superior frontal gyrus, and left paracentral lobule, but an increased DC value in the bilateral brainstem, midbrain, bilateral parahippocampal gyrus, cerebellum, left superior temporal gyrus, bilateral insula, left fusiform gyrus, and left caudate nucleus in the traditional frequency band (0.01-0.08 Hz) compared to PDND patients. PDND patients displayed more abnormal functions in the basal ganglia in the slow-4 frequency band.
The DC changes in PDD and PDND are frequency dependent and frequency specific. The medial frontal gyrus, SMA, and limbic system may be the key hubs for depression in PD.
抑郁症会导致帕金森病（PD）提前发病，加重运动障碍和认知障碍，并加速疾病进展。然而，在临床早期很难识别和诊断伴有抑郁症的帕金森病（PDD）。很少有研究表明神经网络的变化与PDD有关，而度中心性（DC）已被证明可有效检测脑网络变化。
本研究旨在探讨PDD患者与无抑郁症的帕金森病患者（PDND）之间的DC变化，并找出PD患者中与抑郁症相关的关键脑枢纽。
104例PD患者和54名健康对照者（HCs）接受了脑静息态功能磁共振成像检查。使用脑成像数据处理与分析以及静息态功能磁共振数据分析工具包进行处理和统计分析。计算每个频段的DC值。采用单因素方差分析和两样本t检验进行比较，以比较PDD、PDND和健康对照组不同频段DC值的差异。使用高斯随机场进行多重比较校正。对每个人的DC图谱与临床指标进行Pearson相关分析。
PDD和PDND患者不同脑区的DC值在不同频段发生变化。前额叶、边缘系统和基底神经节是主要涉及的脑区。与HCs相比，PDD患者在慢4频段（0.027 - 0.073 Hz）的脑区范围更广且异常脑区更多。与PDND患者相比，PDD患者在传统频段（0.01 - 0.08 Hz）的内侧额回、双侧楔叶、右侧舌回、双侧辅助运动区（SMA）、双侧额上回和左侧中央旁小叶的DC值降低，但在双侧脑干、中脑、双侧海马旁回、小脑、左侧颞上回、双侧岛叶、左侧梭状回和左侧尾状核的DC值升高。PDND患者在慢4频段的基底神经节功能异常更多。
PDD和PDND中的DC变化具有频率依赖性和频率特异性。内侧额回、SMA和边缘系统可能是PD中抑郁症的关键枢纽。
