University of Vigo, Campus A Xunqueira, 36005 Pontevedra, Spain.
Department of Physical Education, Military Naval Academy in Marín, Spain, Marin.
Int Marit Health. 2021;72(1):10-17. doi: 10.5603/IMH.2021.0002.
Military physical readiness largely depends on soldiers maintaining their general health and physical fitness at a level which enables them to perform their requisite occupational duties in garrison and deployment environments. Understanding the physical fitness of naval cadets throughout its formative stages will help us define a training programme tailored to their needs. The objective of this study was to analyse the physical fitness of cadets enrolled in military training in the academic year 2018-2019 in the Military Naval Academy in Marín, Spain.
A longitudinal correlational-descriptive design was undertaken. 167 of the 292 students who participated in the global analysis participated in the pre and post (first and second semester) physical fitness tests (153 males and 14 females, mean age 21.9 ± 3.5) and were stratified into age groups. Anthropometric measurements and data from the Spanish army physical fitness assessment system (2 min push-ups, 1000 and 50 m races, vertical jump and 50 m swimming) were used. A descriptive, inferential, and correlational analysis was carried out and the level of significance set for the study was p ≤ 0.05.
Inferential analysis between age group markers and over the total sample shows statistical differences for the total sample in the 1000 m and 50 m race (p < 0.001) and in vertical jump test (p < 0.010). There was significant statistical correlation between all five tests undertaken.
The level of physical fitness of cadets at the Military Naval Academy in Marín, Spain appears to be acceptable when compared to other countries' military naval corps. Coherence between training and evaluation is extremely important, and a re-evaluation of stamina and strength training is probably advisable.
军事体能在很大程度上取决于士兵保持一般健康和体能水平，使其能够在驻地和部署环境中执行必要的职业职责。了解海军学员在整个形成阶段的体能状况，将有助于我们确定一项针对他们需求的培训计划。本研究的目的是分析 2018-2019 学年在西班牙马林军事海军学院接受军事训练的学员的体能状况。
采用纵向相关描述性设计。在全球分析中，有 292 名学生参加了体能测试（153 名男性和 14 名女性，平均年龄 21.9 ± 3.5），其中 167 名学生参加了前后（第一和第二学期）体能测试，并按年龄组分层。使用了人体测量数据和西班牙军队体能评估系统的数据（2 分钟俯卧撑、1000 米和 50 米赛跑、垂直跳跃和 50 米游泳）。进行了描述性、推断性和相关性分析，研究的显著性水平设定为 p ≤ 0.05。
在年龄组标志物和总样本之间的推断分析中，总样本在 1000 米和 50 米赛跑（p < 0.001）以及垂直跳跃测试（p < 0.010）中存在统计学差异。五项测试之间存在显著的统计学相关性。
与其他国家的海军陆战队相比，西班牙马林军事海军学院学员的体能水平似乎是可以接受的。培训和评估之间的一致性非常重要，可能需要重新评估耐力和力量训练。
