Laboratory of Marine Biotechnology, Faculty of Chemistry and Biology, University of Santiago of Chile, Alameda, 3363, Santiago, Chile.
Laboratory of Marine Biotechnology, Faculty of Chemistry and Biology, University of Santiago of Chile, Alameda, 3363, Santiago, Chile.
Carbohydr Res. 2021 May;503:108298. doi: 10.1016/j.carres.2021.108298. Epub 2021 Mar 31.
During the last 20 years, the mechanisms involved in the stimulation of defense against pathogens, and growth triggered by chitosan-, alginate- and carrageenan-derived oligosaccharides have been studied in plants. Oligo-chitosan stimulate protection against pathogens by activation of salicylic acid (SA) or jasmonic acid/ethylene (JA/ET)-dependent pathways, protection against abiotic stress through abscisic acid (ABA)-dependent pathway, and growth by increasing photosynthesis, auxin and gibberellin content, C and N assimilation, and synthesis of secondary metabolites with antipathogenic and medicinal properties. Oligo-alginates stimulate protection against pathogens through SA-dependent pathway, abiotic stress via ABA-dependent pathway, and growth by increasing photosynthesis, auxin and gibberellins contents, C and N assimilation, and synthesis of secondary metabolites with antipathogenic and medicinal properties. Oligo-carrageenan increased protection against pathogens through JA/ET, SA- and Target of Rapamycin (TOR)-dependent pathways, and growth by activation of TOR-dependent pathway leading to an increase in expression of genes involved in photosynthesis, C, N, S assimilation, and enzymes that synthesize phenolic compounds and terpenes having antipathogenic activities. Thus, the latter oligosaccharides induce similar biological effects, but through different signaling pathways in plants.
在过去的 20 年中，人们研究了壳聚糖、海藻酸盐和卡拉胶衍生寡糖在植物中刺激防御机制和生长的机制。寡壳聚糖通过激活水杨酸（SA）或茉莉酸/乙烯（JA/ET）依赖途径来刺激对病原体的保护，通过依赖脱落酸（ABA）的途径来抵抗非生物胁迫，通过增加光合作用、生长素和赤霉素含量、C 和 N 同化以及合成具有抗病原体和药用特性的次生代谢物来促进生长。寡海藻酸盐通过 SA 依赖途径刺激对病原体的保护，通过 ABA 依赖途径抵抗非生物胁迫，通过增加光合作用、生长素和赤霉素含量、C 和 N 同化以及合成具有抗病原体和药用特性的次生代谢物来促进生长。寡卡拉胶通过 JA/ET、SA 和雷帕霉素（TOR）依赖途径增加对病原体的保护，通过激活 TOR 依赖途径促进生长，从而增加参与光合作用、C、N、S 同化以及合成具有抗病原体活性的酚类化合物和萜烯的酶的基因表达。因此，这些寡糖在植物中诱导相似的生物学效应，但通过不同的信号通路。
