College of Nursing and Health Sciences, Flinders University, SA, 5042, Australia; Department of Rural Sociology & Development, Sylhet Agricultural University, Sylhet, 3100, Bangladesh.
College of Nursing and Health Sciences, Flinders University, SA, 5042, Australia.
Child Abuse Negl. 2021 Jul;117:105052. doi: 10.1016/j.chiabu.2021.105052. Epub 2021 Apr 5.
Child maltreatment is a global health concern, which adversely affects millions of children. Among them, child laborers are highly susceptible to maltreatment due to their economic vulnerability and workplace practices.
This review seeks to identify the extent, risk factors and psychological impairments associated with the maltreatment of child laborers in four South East Asian countries.
A scoping review was adopted, in accordance with the PRISMA framework. Scopus, Medline, PsycINFO, ProQuest, Web of Sciences, and grey literature from relevant institutional websites were searched. Search date parameters were 1960-2020. A thematic synthesis and a proportion test were adopted to analyse data.
A total of 9 studies were retrieved. The physical maltreatment against child laborers (15.14 %) was found across all studies with high heterogeneity (from 2.3%-73.27%). The prevalence of emotional maltreatment was more than three times that of physical abuse. Sexual abuse rate was measured (16.82 %) followed by neglect against child laborers (12.9 %). Witness victimization, financial exploitation, forced work, and work intensification were also observed as notable forms of maltreatment. A thematic analysis suggests that the victims and caregivers' characteristics and socio-cultural practices are strong predictors of maltreatment. Parental dysfunctions were also associated with rates of child labor victimization followed by poverty. The review found maltreated children were often traumatized and manifest specific phobias (38.79 %), social phobias (30.2 %), conduct disorders (20.6 %), and obsessions (18.21 %), which are significantly associated (p < 0.05) across studies.
While the methodical study base is limited, the results of this review can inform further research on violence against child laborers.
儿童虐待是一个全球性的健康问题，影响了数以百万计的儿童。其中，童工由于经济脆弱和工作场所的惯例，极易受到虐待。
本综述旨在确定东南亚四个国家童工受虐待的程度、风险因素和心理损伤。
我们采用了范围综述，按照 PRISMA 框架进行。我们在 Scopus、Medline、PsycINFO、ProQuest、Web of Sciences 和相关机构网站的灰色文献中进行了搜索。搜索日期参数为 1960-2020 年。我们采用主题综合和比例检验来分析数据。
共检索到 9 项研究。所有研究均发现童工存在身体虐待（15.14%），且具有高度异质性（2.3%-73.27%）。情绪虐待的发生率高于身体虐待三倍以上。性虐待的发生率为 16.82%，其次是对童工的忽视（12.9%）。也观察到了对童工的目击受害、经济剥削、强迫劳动和劳动强度增加等虐待形式。主题分析表明，受害者和照顾者的特征以及社会文化习俗是虐待的强烈预测因素。父母功能障碍也与童工受害率以及贫困有关。本综述发现受虐待的儿童经常受到创伤，并表现出特定的恐惧症（38.79%）、社交恐惧症（30.2%）、品行障碍（20.6%）和强迫症（18.21%），这些在研究中都有显著关联（p<0.05）。
虽然方法学的研究基础有限，但本综述的结果可以为进一步研究针对童工的暴力行为提供信息。
