Nagm Ahmad, Safy Elwan Mohammed
Computer Engineering, Cairo Higher Institute for Engineering, Computer Science and Management, Cairo, Egypt.
Electrical Engineering, Egyptian Academy of Engineering and Advanced Technology, Cairo, Egypt.
PeerJ Comput Sci. 2021 Mar 22;7:e400. doi: 10.7717/peerj-cs.400. eCollection 2021.
The security of patient information is important during the transfer of medical data. A hybrid spatial domain watermarking algorithm that includes encryption, integrity protection, and steganography is proposed to strengthen the information originality based on the authentication. The proposed algorithm checks whether the patient's information has been deliberately changed or not. The created code is distributed at every pixel of the medical image and not only in the regions of non-interest pixels, while the image details are still preserved. To enhance the security of the watermarking code, SHA-1 is used to get the initial key for the Symmetric Encryption Algorithm. The target of this approach is to preserve the content of the image and the watermark simultaneously, this is achieved by synthesizing an encrypted watermark from one of the components of the original image and not by embedding a watermark in the image. To evaluate the proposed code the Least Significant Bit (LSB), Bit2SB, and Bit3SB were used. The evaluation of the proposed code showed that the LSB is of better quality but overall the Bit2SB is better in its ability against the active attacks up to a size of 2*2 pixels, and it preserves the high image quality.
在医疗数据传输过程中，患者信息的安全至关重要。提出了一种包含加密、完整性保护和隐写术的混合空间域水印算法，以基于认证加强信息的原创性。所提算法可检查患者信息是否被故意更改。生成的代码分布在医学图像的每个像素处，而非仅在非感兴趣像素区域，同时图像细节仍得以保留。为增强水印代码的安全性，使用SHA-1获取对称加密算法的初始密钥。此方法的目标是同时保留图像内容和水印，这是通过从原始图像的一个组件合成加密水印来实现的，而非通过在图像中嵌入水印。为评估所提代码，使用了最低有效位（LSB）、次低有效位（Bit2SB）和次次低有效位（Bit3SB）。对所提代码的评估表明，LSB质量更佳，但总体而言，Bit2SB在抵御高达2×2像素大小的主动攻击方面能力更强，且能保持较高的图像质量。
