Department of Environmental Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Bursa Uludag University, 16059, Nilüfer, Bursa, Turkey.
Environ Monit Assess. 2021 Apr 9;193(5):253. doi: 10.1007/s10661-021-09028-8.
Pine tree (Pinus pinea) components have been used as passive air samples for determining atmospheric polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon (PAH) concentrations. Our results indicated that pine needles and branches were found to be statistically successful in describing the ambient air. Monthly pine needles, branches (1- and 2-year-old) and ambient air samples were collected for 1 year to identify molecular distributions and temporal concentrations of PAHs in a suburban-industrial area. Annual average ΣPAH concentrations for pine needles, 1- and 2-year-old branches, and ambient air were 756 ± 232 ng/g DW, 685 ± 350 ng/g DW, 587 ± 361 ng/g DW, and 28.29 ± 32.33 ng/m, respectively. The order of average ΣPAH concentrations in the pine tree components was determined as needle > 1-year-old branch > 2-year-old branch. In general, concentrations increased with the rise in the surface area of tree components. In the samples, 3- and 4-ring PAHs were dominant compounds in the ambient air, pine needles, and branches. The annual total fraction of 3- and 4-ring PAHs in the air was 98.5%, while the fraction of 5- and 6-ring PAHs was 1.5%. On the other hand, 3- and 4-ring PAHs in pine needles and branches were 30% or more. The fraction and level of PAHs change with the season. Although needle samples did not show any seasonal trend, PAH levels in other tree components changed with the air temperature. Generally, lower values were observed in warmer seasons in the branch samples. Similarly, ambient air PAH concentrations were higher in the winter season due to heating and adverse meteorological conditions.
松树（Pinus pinea）的组成部分被用作被动空气样本，以确定大气中的多环芳烃（PAH）浓度。我们的结果表明，松针和松枝在描述环境空气方面具有统计学上的成功。在一年的时间里，我们采集了每月的松针、树枝（1 年和 2 年生）和环境空气样本，以确定在一个郊区-工业区中 PAHs 的分子分布和时间浓度。松针、1 年和 2 年生树枝以及环境空气中的年平均ΣPAH 浓度分别为 756±232ng/g DW、685±350ng/g DW、587±361ng/g DW 和 28.29±32.33ng/m。松树枝叶各组分中ΣPAH 浓度的平均值顺序为：针叶＞1 年生树枝＞2 年生树枝。总的来说，浓度随树木各组成部分表面积的增加而增加。在所采集的样本中，3-和 4-环 PAHs 是环境空气、松针和树枝中的主要化合物。空气中 3-和 4-环 PAHs 的年总分数为 98.5%，而 5-和 6-环 PAHs 的分数为 1.5%。另一方面，3-和 4-环 PAHs 在松针和树枝中的比例为 30%或更高。PAHs 的分数和水平随季节而变化。虽然针叶样本没有显示出任何季节性趋势，但其他树木组成部分的 PAH 水平随空气温度而变化。一般来说，在树枝样本中，温暖季节的数值较低。同样，由于取暖和不利的气象条件，冬季环境空气中的 PAH 浓度较高。
